Artificial Light at Night Advances the Onset of Vocal Activity in Both Male and Female Great Tits During the Breeding Season, While Noise Pollution Has Less Impact and Only in Females.

Artificial light at night (ALAN) and noise pollution are two important stressors associated with urbanisation that can have a profound impact on animal behaviour and physiology, potentially disrupting biological rhythms. Although the influence of ALAN and noise pollution on daily activity patterns of songbirds has been clearly demonstrated, studies often focus on males, and the few that examined females have not included the potential influence of males on female activity patterns. Using free-living pairs of great tits () as a model, we examined for the first time the effects of ALAN and noise pollution and their interaction on the onset of (vocal) activity in both members of a pair.