Digital mapping of resected cancer specimens: The visual pathology report.

Background: The current standard-of-care pathology report relies only on lengthy written text descriptions without a visual representation of the resected cancer specimen. This study demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating virtual, three-dimensional (3D) visual pathology reports to improve communication of final pathology reporting.

Materials And Methods: Surgical specimens are 3D scanned and virtually mapped alongside the pathology team to replicate grossing.

Photosynthetic responses to temperature across the tropics: a meta-analytic approach.

Background And Aims: Tropical forests exchange more carbon dioxide (CO2) with the atmosphere than any other terrestrial biome. Yet, uncertainty in the projected carbon balance over the next century is roughly three-times greater for the tropics than other ecosystems. Our limited knowledge of tropical plant physiological responses, including photosynthetic, to climate change is a substantial source of uncertainty in our ability to forecast the global terrestrial carbon sink.

Visual pathology reports for communication of final margin status in laryngeal cancer surgery.

Background: Positive margins are frequently observed in total laryngectomy (TL) specimens. Effective communication of margin sampling sites and final margin status between surgeons and pathologists is crucial. In this study, we evaluate the utility of multimedia visual pathology reports to facilitate interdisciplinary discussion of margin status in laryngeal cancer surgery.

Visual pathology reports for improved collaboration at multidisciplinary head and neck tumor board.

Purpose: Multidisciplinary tumor boards (TB) are the standard for discussing complex head and neck cancer cases. During TB, imaging and microscopic pathology is reviewed, but there is typically no visualization of the resected cancer.

Methods: A pilot study was conducted to investigate the utility of visual pathology reports at weekly TB for 10 consecutive weeks.

Augmented Reality-Guided Frozen Section Analysis: Bringing the Pathologist From the Laboratory to the Operating Room.

Due to the anatomic complexity of the head and neck and variable proximity between laboratory and operating room (OR), effective communication during frozen section analysis (FSA) between surgeons and pathologists is challenging. This proof-of-concept study investigates an augmented reality (AR) protocol that allows pathologists to virtually join the OR from the laboratory. Head and neck cancer specimens were scanned ex vivo using a 3-dimensional scanner and uploaded into an AR platform.

Assessing the feasibility of a multimodal liquid biopsy for the diagnosis of HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: In this feasibility study, we explored the combined use of circulating tumor human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA (ctHPVDNA) and HPV serology as diagnostic tests for HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).

Methods: Among patients with research-banked serum or plasma at diagnosis, IgG antibodies to oncoproteins from HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, and 58 were detected with multiplex serology. Positivity for HPV 16 was defined based on detection of combinations of anti-E6, E1, E2, and E7 and for other high-risk types on detection of anti-E6 and anti-E7.

Molecular signature incorporating the immune microenvironment enhances thyroid cancer outcome prediction.

Genomic and transcriptomic analysis has furthered our understanding of many tumors. Yet, thyroid cancer management is largely guided by staging and histology, with few molecular prognostic and treatment biomarkers. Here, we utilize a large cohort of 251 patients with 312 samples from two tertiary medical centers and perform DNA/RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and multiplex immunofluorescence to identify biomarkers of aggressive thyroid malignancy.

Use of nongynecologic cytologic-histologic correlation to identify patterns of error: An institutional experience.

Background: Quality management practices empower cytology laboratories to deliver consistent, high-quality patient care. Monitoring of key performance indicators is one way by which laboratories can identify patterns of error and focus their improvement activities. Cytologic-histologic correlation (CHC) identifies error by retrospectively reviewing cytology cases when discordant surgical pathology diagnoses are reported.

Patterns of Major Frozen Section Interpretation Error: An In-Depth Analysis From a Complex Academic Surgical Pathology Practice.

Objectives: To establish baseline error rates due to misinterpretation and to identify scenarios in which major errors were most common and potentially preventable.

Methods: Our database was queried over a 3-year period for major discrepancies due to misinterpretation. These were stratified by histomorphologic setting, service, availability/type of prior material, and years of experience and subspecialization of the interpreting pathologist.

The effect of the vertical gradients of photosynthetic parameters on the CO assimilation and transpiration of a Panamanian tropical forest.

Terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) include the representation of vertical gradients in leaf traits associated with modeling photosynthesis, respiration, and stomatal conductance. However, model assumptions associated with these gradients have not been tested in complex tropical forest canopies. We compared TBM representation of the vertical gradients of key leaf traits with measurements made in a tropical forest in Panama and then quantified the impact of the observed gradients on simulated canopy-scale CO and water fluxes.

Sinonasal Adenosquamous Carcinoma - Morphology and Genetic Drivers Including Low- and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus mRNA, DEK::AFF2 Fusion, and MAML2 Rearrangement.

Background: Sinonasal adenosquamous carcinoma is rare, and there are almost no studies detailing morphology or characterizing their genetic driver events. Further, many authors have termed sinonasal tumors with combined squamous carcinoma and glands as mucoepidermoid carcinoma but none have analyzed for the presence of MAML2 rearrangement.

Methods: Cases from 2014 to 2020 were collected and diagnosed using World Health Organization criteria.

Leaves as bottlenecks: The contribution of tree leaves to hydraulic resistance within the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum.

Within vascular plants, the partitioning of hydraulic resistance along the soil-to-leaf continuum affects transpiration and its response to environmental conditions. In trees, the fractional contribution of leaf hydraulic resistance (R ) to total soil-to-leaf hydraulic resistance (R ), or fR (=R /R ), is thought to be large, but this has not been tested comprehensively. We compiled a multibiome data set of fR using new and previously published measurements of pressure differences within trees in situ.

Short-term variation in leaf-level water use efficiency in a tropical forest.

The representation of stomatal regulation of transpiration and CO assimilation is key to forecasting terrestrial ecosystem responses to global change. Given its importance in determining the relationship between forest productivity and climate, accurate and mechanistic model representation of the relationship between stomatal conductance (g ) and assimilation is crucial. We assess possible physiological and mechanistic controls on the estimation of the g (stomatal slope, inversely proportional to water use efficiency) and g (stomatal intercept) parameters, using diurnal gas exchange surveys and leaf-level response curves of six tropical broadleaf evergreen tree species.

Enabling FAIR data in Earth and environmental science with community-centric (meta)data reporting formats.

Research can be more transparent and collaborative by using Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) principles to publish Earth and environmental science data. Reporting formats-instructions, templates, and tools for consistently formatting data within a discipline-can help make data more accessible and reusable. However, the immense diversity of data types across Earth science disciplines makes development and adoption challenging.

The computer-aided design margin: Ex vivo 3D specimen mapping to improve communication between surgeons and pathologists.

Background: Numerous challenges exist in determining surgical margin status. Communication between surgeons and pathologists is crucial for specimen orientation and accurate margin assessment.

Methods: A prospective study to determine feasibility of incorporating three-dimensional (3D) scanning into surgical pathology workflow was performed.

Sinonasal Bacteroma/Bacteria-related Concretions: A Distinct Pathologic Entity of the Sinonasal Tract.

Patients can be seen where "fungal debris," "mycetoma," or "mass-like obstruction" of the sinonasal tract is suspected clinically but lack fungus and instead have granular, eosinophilic debris and bacterial colonies. We report and characterize 15 such cases, tentatively termed "bacteromas," compared with randomly selected cases of mycetoma and allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS). Pathology reports from 2016 to 2021 were searched.

CD163 Immunohistochemical "Circle Sign" Staining Pattern Differentiates Sinonasal Papillomas From Morphologically Similar Non-neoplastic Lesions.

Sinonasal papillomas are a diverse group of benign epithelial neoplasms of the sinonasal tract. Inverted papilloma, in particular, must be distinguished from other lesions with no malignant potential. The aim of this study was to distinguish sinonasal papillomas from morphologically similar lesions using CD163 immunostaining.

Cytology and LGBT+ health: establishing inclusive cancer screening programs.

There are substantial disparities in cancer screening for sexual minorities and gender non-conforming patients. In additional to patients having trauma due to negative experiences with the healthcare system, disparities may be heightened due to heteronormative and cisnormative design of screening programs and electronic medical record systems. Furthermore, there are morphologic challenges specific to certain specimen types from the LGBT + population, such as anal cytology samples, cervical cytology from transgender men taking testosterone, and neovaginal cytology samples.

Nondiagnostic category of Milan System for Reporting Pediatric Salivary Gland Cytopathology: outcomes and root cause analysis.

Background: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) results classified as the nondiagnostic category of the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology (MSRSGC) may be infrequently encountered in children. Clinical management may be challenging due to lack of data regarding outcomes and underlying causes.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 106 consecutive pediatric salivary gland FNAs (2000-2020; 45% performed under image guidance).

Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Pediatric Salivary Gland Tumors: Analysis of Patient Tolerability, Sedation Requirement, and Procedural Complication.

Objective: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is the standard diagnostic tool recommended by consensus management guidelines for preoperative evaluation of salivary gland tumors in adults. However, its utility in the pediatric population remains debated due to a paucity of data and inherited challenges of pediatric management (patient cooperation, the need for sedation, and procedural complications).

Methods: Consecutive series of 92 FNA biopsies of pediatric salivary gland lesions with available procedural data were included for retrospective analysis.

An improved representation of the relationship between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance leads to more stable estimation of conductance parameters and improves the goodness-of-fit across diverse data sets.

Stomata play a central role in surface-atmosphere exchange by controlling the flux of water and CO between the leaf and the atmosphere. Representation of stomatal conductance (g ) is therefore an essential component of models that seek to simulate water and CO exchange in plants and ecosystems. For given environmental conditions at the leaf surface (CO concentration and vapor pressure deficit or relative humidity), models typically assume a linear relationship between g and photosynthetic CO assimilation (A).

An Imaging Biomarker of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes to Risk-Stratify Patients With HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has excellent control rates compared to nonvirally associated OPSCC. Multiple trials are actively testing whether de-escalation of treatment intensity for these patients can maintain oncologic equipoise while reducing treatment-related toxicity. We have developed OP-TIL, a biomarker that characterizes the spatial interplay between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and surrounding cells in histology images.

Rapid estimation of photosynthetic leaf traits of tropical plants in diverse environmental conditions using reflectance spectroscopy.

Tropical forests are one of the main carbon sinks on Earth, but the magnitude of CO2 absorbed by tropical vegetation remains uncertain. Terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) are commonly used to estimate the CO2 absorbed by forests, but their performance is highly sensitive to the parameterization of processes that control leaf-level CO2 exchange. Direct measurements of leaf respiratory and photosynthetic traits that determine vegetation CO2 fluxes are critical, but traditional approaches are time-consuming.