Influence of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on High-Intensity Intermittent Running Performance at Different Doses of Normobaric Hypoxia in Endurance-Trained Males.

This study investigated whether supplementation with nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR) can improve high-intensity intermittent running performance in trained males in normoxia and different doses of normobaric hypoxia. Eight endurance-trained males (V˙O2peak, 62 ± 6 ml·kg-1·min-1) completed repeated 90 s intervals at 110% of peak treadmill velocity, from an initial step incremental test, interspersed by 60 s of passive recovery until exhaustion (Tlim). Participants completed the first three experimental trials during days 3, 5, and 7 of BR or nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (PLA) supplementation and completed the remaining experimental visits on the alternative supplement following at least 7 days of washout.

An 8-year Analysis of Magnesium Status in Elite International Track & Field Athletes.

Magnesium plays a critical role in athlete health and performance. It is involved in numerous physiological mechanisms that support energy production, immune function, pain modulation, muscle function and bone health. Athletes may be susceptible to magnesium deficiency due to an increased utilization during exercise.

Fueling for the Field: Nutrition for Jumps, Throws, and Combined Events.

Athletes participating in the athletics (track and field) events of jumps, throws, and combined events (CEs; seven-event heptathlon and 10-event decathlon) engage in training and competition that emphasize speed and explosive movements, requiring optimal power-weight ratios. While these athletes represent a wide range of somatotypes, they share an emphasis on Type IIa and IIx muscle fiber typing. In general, athletes competing in jumps tend to have a lower body mass and may benefit from a higher protein (1.

Immune nutrition and exercise: Narrative review and practical recommendations.

Evidence suggests that periods of heavy intense training can result in impaired immune cell function, and whether this leaves elite athletes at greater risk of infections and upper respiratory symptoms (URS) is still debated. There is some evidence that episodes of URS do cluster around important periods of competition and intense periods of training. Since reducing URS, primarily from an infectious origin, may have implications for performance, a large amount of research has focused on nutritional strategies to improve immune function at rest and in response to exercise.

Intensified training increases salivary free light chains in trained cyclists: Indication that training volume increases oral inflammation.

Periods of short-term intensified training (IT) are often used by athletes during training cycles over the season and undergoing phases of increased physical stress may impact upon the immune system. This study investigated the effects of a period of IT on free light chains (FLCs) in saliva - an emerging immune biomarker of oral inflammation - and matched serum samples in well-trained athletes. It also examined if IT influences basal FLC levels and FLC flux during acute exercise.

Impact of intensified training and carbohydrate supplementation on immunity and markers of overreaching in highly trained cyclists.

Purpose: To determine effects of intensified training (IT) and carbohydrate supplementation on overreaching and immunity.

Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 13 male cyclists (age 25 ± 6 years, VO2max 72 ± 5 ml/kg/min) completed two 8-day periods of IT. On one occasion, participants ingested 2 % carbohydrate (L-CHO) beverages before, during and after training sessions.

Salivary immunoglobulin free light chains: reference ranges and responses to exercise in young and older adults.

Background: Free light chains (FLCs) have a range of biological functions and may act as a broad marker of immunesuppression and activation and inflammation. Measurement of salivary FLCs may provide practical advantages in a range of clinical populations. The aim of the present study was to develop normal reference ranges of FLCs in saliva and assess the effects of acute exercise on FLC levels in younger and older adults.

Evidence of disturbed sleep and mood state in well-trained athletes during short-term intensified training with and without a high carbohydrate nutritional intervention.

Few studies have investigated the effects of exercise training on sleep physiology in well-trained athletes. We investigated changes in sleep markers, mood state and exercise performance in well-trained cyclists undergoing short-term intensified training and carbohydrate nutritional intervention. Thirteen highly-trained male cyclists (age: 25 ± 6y, [Formula: see text]O: 72 ± 5 ml/kg/min) participated in two 9-day periods of intensified training while undergoing a high (HCHO) or moderate (CON) carbohydrate nutritional intervention before, during and after training sessions.

The influence of hydration status during prolonged endurance exercise on salivary antimicrobial proteins.

Purpose: Antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) in saliva including secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), lactoferrin (SLac) and lysozyme (SLys) are important in host defence against oral and respiratory infections. This study investigated the effects of hydration status on saliva AMP responses to endurance exercise.

Methods: Using a randomized design, 10 healthy male participants (age 23 ± 4 years, [Formula: see text] 56.

The impact of intensified training with a high or moderate carbohydrate feeding strategy on resting and exercise-induced oxidative stress.

Purpose: This study investigated the impact of intensified training (IT) and carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on resting and exercise-induced oxidative stress.

Methods: Male cyclists (n = 13, mean ± SD: age 25 ± 6 years; [Formula: see text] 72 ± 5 ml/kg/min) undertook two 9 day periods of endurance-based IT. In a counter-balanced, crossover and double-blinded study design, participants completed IT whilst ingesting high (H-CHO) or moderate (M-CHO) CHO beverages before (H-CHO: 24 g vs.

No evidence of dehydration with moderate daily coffee intake: a counterbalanced cross-over study in a free-living population.

It is often suggested that coffee causes dehydration and its consumption should be avoided or significantly reduced to maintain fluid balance. The aim of this study was to directly compare the effects of coffee consumption against water ingestion across a range of validated hydration assessment techniques. In a counterbalanced cross-over design, 50 male coffee drinkers (habitually consuming 3-6 cups per day) participated in two trials, each lasting three consecutive days.

Nutrition for tennis: practical recommendations.

Tennis is a pan-global sport that is played year-round in both hemispheres. This places notable demands on the physical and psychological preparation of players and included in these demands are nutritional and fluid requirements both of training and match- play. Thus, the purpose of this article is to review nutritional recommendations for tennis.

The myths surrounding pre-exercise carbohydrate feeding.

Background/aims: Carbohydrate ingested 30-60 min before exercise may result in hypoglycaemia during exercise, a phenomenon often called rebound or reactive hypoglycaemia. There is considerable confusion regarding pre-exercise carbohydrate feeding with advice that ranges from 'consume carbohydrate in the hour before exercise' to 'avoid carbohydrate in the 60 min prior to exercise'.

Methods: We analysed the studies available in the literature to draw conclusions about the use of carbohydrate in the pre-exercise period.

[Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Results from the Comprehensive Hospital Drug Monitoring (CHDM) Bern/St. Gallen].

Of 23,520 consecutive hospitalizations from 1980-1988 (corresponding to 16,628 individual patients) in three departments of general internal medicine, 8261 were treated with heparin. All observations of patients displaying a probable, possible or questionable relationship of thrombocytopenia to heparin (administered i.v.

Kallikrein and renal enzyme excretion in rats.

Using the model of renal enzyme excretion in rats it was investigated whether a chemically defined kininogenase (kallikrein) exerts shock-inducing activity. Following i.p.

[Haloprogin. Its effects in the presence of glucocorticoids and neomycin].

The problem was studied whether the activity of haloprogin is decreased in the presence of glucocorticoids (6-methyl-prednisolone hemisuccinate sodium; hydrocortisone) or in the presence of a bacteriostatic antibiotic (neomycin). Antifungal activity was determined by measuring changes in oxygen consumption of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the resting phase. The results revealed that neither glucocorticoids in concentrations which activate yeast metabolism, nor neomycin impair the antifungal activity of haloprogin.