Medical care of obese children and adolescents. APV: a standardised multicentre documentation derived to study initial presentation and cardiovascular risk factors in patients transferred to specialised treatment institutions.

Unlabelled: So far in Europe, no studies have been published on the structuring of medical care for obese children and adolescents. Besides anthropometric parameters, evaluations of the cardiovascular risk factors hypertension, dyslipidaemia, impaired glucose metabolism and treatment modalities were documented in a standardised multicentre evaluation survey (APV) of 18 primarily outpatient and nine rehabilitation institutions. In total, 3837 children (aged 2-20 years) took part in the years 2000 up to March 2003, of whom 1985 were treated in outpatient institutions and 1852 in rehabilitation institutions.

[Total knee replacement for primary treatment of intra-articular tibial head fractures in elderly patients].

Intra-articular fractures of the tibial head pose a huge challenge for the surgeon. An increase of these fractures, especially in the elderly, has been observed in recent years. The cause of injury in the elderly is in most cases a slight trauma.

Correlation of p53 mutations with resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy and shortened survival in ovarian cancer.

Purpose: The p53 tumor suppressor gene plays a central role in cell cycle regulation and induction of apoptosis. We analyzed p53 alterations and their impact on response to chemotherapy and clinical outcome in ovarian cancer patients.

Experimental Design: One hundred seventy-eight ovarian carcinomas, snap frozen and stored at -80 degrees C, were analyzed for mutations of the p53 gene (exons 2-11) by single-strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing and for p53 overexpression by immunohistochemistry (monoclonal antibody DO7).

Modulation of luminol chemiluminescence of fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated neutrophils by affecting dephosphorylation and the metabolism of phosphatidic acid.

This paper is addressed to study how PKC-mediated effects and phosphatidic acid interact together in activation of NADPH-oxidase in formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe) stimulated neutrophils as detected by luminol chemiluminescence. The early luminescence response in fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated cells (up to 5 min after stimulation) depends mainly on reactive oxygen species generated extracellularly, whereas all later events are caused by oxidation of luminol inside the cells. The two protein phosphatase inhibitors, okadaic acid and calyculin A, dramatically increased the late luminescence of cells.

Effects of early treatment with rSP-C surfactant on oxygenation and histology in rats with acute lung injury.

Surfactant treatment in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may be a promising treatment strategy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether addition of a recombinant surfactant protein C (rSP-C) to a plain phospholipid (PL) surfactant (PL surfactant) can result in activity comparable to commercially available surfactant preparations (Alveofact and bLES) which contain surfactant protein B and C. In this investigation dose-response comparisons of four surfactants were performed in an animal model of ARDS induced by total lung lavage.

Constituents of Veltheimia viridifolia; I. Homoisoflavanones of the bulbs.

The new homoisoflavanone R(-)-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-5-hydroxy-6, 7,8-trimethoxychroman-4-one (1) was isolated from the petroleum ether and the diethyl ether extracts of the bulbs of Veltheimia viridifolia (Hyacinthaceae) together with the known homoisoflavanone muscomin (2). The structures of the compounds were elucidated by means of 1H-NMR, 2D 1H-1H-COSY, 13C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC, mass, and CD spectra. Pharmacological testings of the new homoisoflavanone are reported.

Dose-response comparisons of five lung surfactant factor (LSF) preparations in an animal model of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

1. We have examined the effects of five different lung surfactant factor (LSF) preparations in the rat lung lavage model. In this model repetitive lung lavage leads to lung injury with some similarities to adult respiratory distress syndrome with poor gas exchange and protein leakage into the alveolar spaces.

Comparative investigation of the effects of zardaverine and theophylline on pulmonary function in rats.

Zardaverine (Byk Gulden, Konstanz, Germany) is a new selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) III/IV inhibitor. The bronchodilating and bronchoprotective potency of zardaverine and the nonselective PDE inhibitor theophylline was compared by measuring typical spontaneous and forced respiratory function parameters in anesthetized female Wistar rats using whole-body plethysmography. Zardaverine (3, 10, 30 mumol/kg) and theophylline (30, 100, 300 mumol/kg), respectively, were given orally in 4% Methocel/0.

Randomized placebo-controlled study on the characteristics and duration of action of surfactant treatment in premature lambs.

In a placebo-controlled study, the characteristics and duration of action of a commercially available bovine lung surfactant factor (LSF; 50 mg/kg body weight) were investigated in premature lambs at 124-127 days gestational age. Exact mating of ewes was controlled by progesterone hormone analysis. To minimize unwanted effects of narcotics through transplacental transfer to the fetus, spinal anaesthesia of the ewes was performed.

Comparison of a phospholipid-based protein-free surfactant and a natural bovine surfactant (SURVANTA) during pressure and volume-controlled ventilation in an improved rabbit fetus model.

During pressure- or volume-controlled ventilation different surfactant preparations were compared in an improved rabbit fetus model. Based on a self-designed software program, this model enables on-line registration of lung mechanics and heart rate in up to ten fetuses. Using a commercially available bovine lung surfactant (SURVANTA) as standard, we compared animals treated with a protein-free surfactant preparation containing only phospholipids, PL (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine:palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylglycerol++ +, DPPC:POPG 70:30) plus palmitic acid (PA) with an untreated ventilated control group.

Lack of effect of diacetyl-splenopentin (Berlopentin) on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine.

The influence of Berlopentin on caffeine clearance was measured after a 6 week i.v. treatment or a 4 week s.

The initial steps of tumor progression in melanocytic lineage: a histochemical approach.

Antigen expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in 133 human melanocytic skin lesions to gain insight into the initial steps of tumor development, i.e. in particular the change from melanocytes to benign nevi.

Zardaverine: a cyclic AMP specific PDE III/IV inhibitor.

Zardaverine is shown to inhibit selectively two out of five isoenzyme classes of phosphodiesterases, namely PDE III from human platelets and PDE IV from human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) with IC50 values of 0.58 and 0.17 microM, respectively.

An M1-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist telenzepine improves lung function in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis.

The effect of an M1-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist telenzepine on lung function was investigated in 18 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis in a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study. FEV1, FEF50, PEF and FVC were measured every 0.5 h up to 2 h, then every 1 h up to 6 h after administration of a single, oral dose of 5 mg in the morning.

Interaction with histamine H1-receptors and bronchospasmolytic effects of urapidil.

The antihypertensive drug, urapidil, competitively antagonized the histamine-induced contractions in guinea pig isolated tracheal and ileal preparations. Its affinity to histamine H1-receptors was 3-fold higher than that of histamine but 10- and 30-fold weaker than that of diphenhydramine and indoramin, respectively. Urapidil did not inhibit contractions induced by muscarinic agonists in both organs.

Influence of urapidil on alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors in pithed rats.

The interaction of urapidil with pre- and postsynaptic alpha-adrenoreceptors and with postsynaptic beta-adrenoreceptors was studied in pithed normotensive rats and compared to the effects of clonidine, prazosin, and atenolol. I.v.

Biotransformation of urapidil: metabolites in serum and urine and their biological activity in vitro and in vivo.

The biotransformation products of the antihypertensive drug urapidil were determined in the serum and urine of rat, dog and man. Comparison of the pattern of urapidil metabolism revealed that all species examined formed the same metabolites. However, quantitative differences were noted.

[Methods for simultaneous recording of pharmacodynamic and toxic effects on interior sensitive receptors, respiration and cardiac-circulatory system of guinea pigs (author's transl)].

A method for simultaneous, continuous registration of pharmacodynamic and toxic effects, resp., on pulmonary-stretch receptors, on respiration and on hemodynamics in guinea pigs is described. The following parameters are recorded synchronously by a multi-track recorder: 1.