End-effector lower limb robot-assisted gait training effects in subacute stroke patients: A randomized controlled pilot trial.

Background: This pilot study investigated end-effector lower limb rehabilitation robot training effects in subacute stroke patients.

Methods: Forty-nine stroke patients were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups: a 30-minute end-effector lower limb rehabilitation robot training plus 1.5-hour conventional physiotherapy (robot group; n = 26), or a 2-hour conventional physiotherapy (control group; n = 23).

Cognitive Impairment in a Child With Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis: A Case Report.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor encephalitis is a complex autoimmune inflammatory neurological disorder that presents with epileptic seizures and rapid functional deterioration, including movement disorders and cognitive impairment, especially in young patients. Despite aggressive initial treatment with immune therapy, such as corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis, patients often need intensive rehabilitative therapies for their long-lasting deficits. We report a pediatric case of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in Korea that presented with symptoms of muscle weakness of the four extremities, dysarthria, dysphagia, and cognitive impairment in the acute phase.

Comparing the Effects of Exoskeletal-Type Robot-Assisted Gait Training on Patients with Ataxic or Hemiplegic Stroke.

This study aimed to discover the effects of robotic rehabilitation utilizing an exoskeletal-type robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) device on patients with ataxic and hemiplegic stroke and to compare its effectiveness between the two groups. This was a retrospective study, and the electronic charts of 22 patients who underwent RAGT treatment from October 2019 to June 2021 were reviewed. Patients were divided into ataxic and hemiplegic groups based on their symptoms.

Concordance between the international standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury motor examination and needle electromyography findings in muscles with a motor power grade of zero or trace.

To evaluate the accuracy of the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) motor examination in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) with motor grade 0 or 1 and analyze its degree of concordance with needle electromyography (EMG) findings for each key muscle. Retrospective study. University hospital in Goyang, Korea.

Sick Sinus Syndrome Combined with Wallenberg Syndrome: a Case Report.

Cardiac arrhythmia is a rare manifestation of the Wallenberg syndrome; lesions are located in the brainstem, especially the lower medulla, which regulates sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. A 55-year-old man was admitted to the university hospital with symptoms including ataxia, left ptosis, decreased sensation of pain and temperature on the right side, left facial numbness, and dizziness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed an infarction in the left dorsolateral medulla.

Epidemiology of Spinal Cord Injury: Changes to Its Cause Amid Aging Population, a Single Center Study.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiologic and demographic characteristics of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) who were admitted to a department of rehabilitation of a university hospital.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Medical records including sex, age at injury, type of disability, traumatic or non-traumatic etiology and presence of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of patients with SCI who were admitted to the department of rehabilitation between 2012 and 2018 were reviewed.

The efficacy of computerized cognitive rehabilitation in improving attention and executive functions in acquired brain injury patients, in acute and postacute phase.

Background: Cognitive deficits, particularly executive dysfunction is common following acquired brain injury (ABI) and has detrimental effect on functional status and autonomy in daily life. Among various cognitive training methods, computerized cognitive rehabilitation (CCR) has been investigated as an alternative method to therapist-driven cognitive rehabilitation (TCR). However, previous studies have shown conflicting results on the superiority or inferiority of CCR and TCR.

COWAT Performance of Persons with Alzheimer Dementia, Vascular Dementia, and Parkinson Disease Dementia According to Stage of Cognitive Impairment.

Background: The Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) evaluates frontal lobe and executive function. Therefore, it can be helpful in differentiating cognitive deficits. However, there are no studies comparing the COWAT performance according to the type and stage of cognitive impairment.

Femoral Neuropathy Secondary to Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Case Report.

Compressive femoral neuropathy is a disabling condition accompanied by difficulty in hip flexion and knee extension. It may result from retroperitoneal hematoma or bleeding, or from complications associated with pelvic, hip surgery, and renal transplants. A 55-year-old female with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease presented with proximal muscle weakness in lower extremities.

Correlation Between Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Functional Outcome in Subacute Stroke Patients With Cognitive Dysfunction.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and functional outcome among subacute stroke patients with cognitive dysfunction.

Methods: Records of 61 inpatients were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups based on their initial MoCA score.

Efficacy of Mirror Therapy Containing Functional Tasks in Poststroke Patients.

Objective: To investigate the effect of mirror therapy containing functional tasks on upper extremity function and activities of daily living in patients with subacute stroke.

Methods: The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: the mirror therapy group (30 patients) and the sham therapy group (30 patients). The mirror therapy group underwent a mirror therapy program together with conventional therapy for 20 minutes per day on 5 days per week for 4 weeks.

Effect of Custom-Molded Foot Orthoses on Foot Pain and Balance in Children With Symptomatic Flexible Flat Feet.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of custom-molded foot orthoses on foot pain and balance in children with symptomatic flexible flat foot 1 month and 3 months after fitting foot orthosis.

Method: A total of 24 children over 6 years old with flexible flat feet and foot pain for at least 6 months were recruited for this study. Their resting calcaneal stance position and calcaneal pitch angle were measured.

Effect of foot orthoses on children with lower extremity growing pains.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of custom molded foot orthoses on children with growing pains of the lower extremities.

Methods: Children with growing pains were recruited during a clinic visit. None had any bony deformities, inflammatory joint disease or depression.

Effects of a Rivastigmine Patch on Self-Care Activities in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease plus Cerebrovascular Disease.

Background/aims: In dementia patients, a deficit in activities of daily living (ADL) is one of the main problems. Our objective was to assess ADL using the Korean Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) plus cerebrovascular disease (CVD) treated with a rivastigmine patch for 24 weeks in an open-label, observational study.

Methods: 29 patients were enrolled who met the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS/ ANDRA) criteria and had a score of 10-26 on the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE).

Cardiovascular response during submaximal underwater treadmill exercise in stroke patients.

Objective: To evaluate the cardiovascular response during head-out water immersion, underwater treadmill gait, and land treadmill gait in stroke patients.

Methods: Ten stroke patients were recruited for underwater and land treadmill gait sessions. Each session was 40 minutes long; 5 minutes for standing rest on land, 5 minutes for standing rest in water or on treadmill, 20 minutes for treadmill walking in water or on land, 5 minutes for standing rest in water or on treadmill, and 5 minutes for standing rest on land.

Effect of Low-Frequency rTMS and NMES on Subacute Unilateral Hemispheric Stroke With Dysphagia.

Objective: To investigate the effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on post-stroke dysphagia.

Methods: Subacute (<3 months), unilateral hemispheric stroke patients with dysphagia were randomly assigned to the conventional dysphagia therapy (CDT), rTMS, or NMES groups. In rTMS group, rTMS was performed at 100% resting motor threshold with 1 Hz frequency for 20 minutes per session (5 days per week for 2 weeks).

Comparison of balance ability between patients with type 2 diabetes and with and without peripheral neuropathy.

Objectives: (1) To examine the effects of peripheral neuropathy on balance stability in patients with type 2 diabetes, and (2) to assess static and dynamic balance and functional limitations.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Setting: Outpatient clinic.

The therapeutic effect of neurologic music therapy and speech language therapy in post-stroke aphasic patients.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of neurologic music therapy (NMT) and speech language therapy (SLT) through improvement of the aphasia quotient (AQ) in post-stroke aphasic patients.

Methods: Twenty-one post-stroke, nonfluent aphasia patients who had ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke on radiologic evaluation were divided into the NMT and SLT groups. They received NMT and SLT for 1 month.

Changes in balancing ability of athletes with chronic ankle instability after foot orthotics application and rehabilitation exercises.

Objective: To compare the effect of foot orthotics and rehabilitation exercises by assessing balancing ability and joint proprioception in athletes who have chronic ankle instability.

Methods: Forty-one athletes who visited hospitals due to chronic ankle instability were randomly assigned to two groups. One group had ankle rehabilitation exercises while the other group had the same rehabilitation exercises as well as foot orthotics.

Activity of daily living and motor evoked potentials in the subacute stroke patients.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of the daily living activity and motor evoked potential (MEP) in the subacute stroke patients.

Methods: Nineteen subjects with subacute ischaemic/hemorrhagic stroke developed in the last three months were enrolled, and MEP was measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score were evaluated in both groups before and 4 weeks after comprehensive rehabilitative management.

Computerized posturographic measurement in elderly women with unilateral knee osteoarthritis.

Objective: To identify the subtle change of postural control in elderly patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA) with computerized dynamic posturography.

Method: Twenty-two healthy women and twenty-six women with unilateral knee OA, aged 60 and over, were enrolled. The computerized posturographic measures included a weight bearing pattern during squatting and sit-to-stand, sway velocity of center of gravity (COG) during one leg standing, on-axis velocity and directional control of COG during rhythmic weight shift, rising index during sit-to-stand, end sway during tandem walk, and movement time during step up/over.

Shoulder Joint Infectious Arthritis and Acromioclavicular Joint Osteomyelitis due to Candida.

Candida species inhabit the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals with low virulence, and osteomyelitis due to candida is very rare. However, the incidence of invasive candidal infection caused by intravenous drug use, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and indwelling central venous catheter is increasing. A 73-year old man visited the outpatient clinic complaining of right shoulder pain that radiated to the right acromioclavicular joint.

Sonographically guided alcohol injection in painful stump neuroma.

Stump neuroma is a common cause of pain from disorganized proliferation of nerve fascicles occurring after limb amputation. Ultrasound guided alcohol injection in painful stump neuroma has been tried as a new treatment approach. Herein, we report 2 male patients, who had traumatic amputation and claimed severe and diffuse burning pain in the stump area.

Back pain secondary to Brucella spondylitis in the lumbar region.

Brucellosis is a systemic, infectious disease caused by the bacterial genus Brucella and a common zoonosis that still remains a major health problem in certain parts of the world such as the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, and Latin America. It may involve multiple organs and tissues. Osteoarticular involvement is the most frequent complication of brucellosis, in which the diagnosis of brucellar spondylitis is often difficult since the clinical presentation may be obscured by many other conditions.