[A Case of Pyoderma Gangrenosum Associated with Metastatic Breast Cancer-A Case Report].

Pyoderma gangrenosum(PG)is a rare skin disorder and its diagnosis is often delayed owing to its wound infection mimicking course. A 50-year-old woman presented to our hospital with multiple liver and bone metastases from breast cancer. A port was created on her right upper arm to administer chemotherapy.

Discrimination of Camellia cultivars using iD-NA analysis.

Recently, many new cultivars have been taken abroad illegally, which is now considered an international issue. Botanical evidence found at a crime scene provides valuable information about the origin of the sample. However, botanical resources for forensic evidence remain underutilized because molecular markers, such as microsatellites, are not available without a limited set of species.

Effectiveness of crizotinib in patients with -positive non-small-cell lung cancer: real-world evidence in Japan.

Crizotinib, approved in Japan (2017) for -positive NSCLC, has limited real-world data. Crizotinib monotherapy real-world effectiveness and treatment status were analyzed from claims data (June 2017-March 2021; Japanese Medical Data Vision; 58 patients tested for -NSCLC). Median duration of treatment ([DoT]; primary end point), any line: 12.

A Retrospective, Multicenter, Observational Study to Evaluate Clinical Outcomes of Lorlatinib After Alectinib in Patients With -Positive NSCLC in Japan.

Introduction: Lorlatinib is an ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved in Japan for the treatment of advanced + NSCLC. There has been little evidence about lorlatinib efficacy after first-line (1L) alectinib in clinical practice in Japan.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with advanced + NSCLC previously treated with 1L alectinib at multiple sites in Japan.

Real-world therapeutic effectiveness of lorlatinib after alectinib in Japanese patients with ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer.

Alectinib, an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is the recommended first-line treatment for ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Japan. Lorlatinib was approved as a subsequent therapeutic option after progression while receiving ALK TKI treatment. However, data on the use of lorlatinib in the second- or third-line setting after alectinib failure are limited in Japanese patients.

Real-World Evidence of Diagnostic Testing for Driver Oncogene Mutations in Lung Cancer in Japan.

Introduction: Diagnostic testing is important in determining appropriate treatment for individuals with lung cancer. In 2018, testing of five biomarkers (, , , , programmed cell death-ligand 1 [PD-L1]) was approved in Japan. Information is lacking regarding real-world testing patterns.

Simultaneous determination of eight catechins and four theaflavins in bottled tea by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for forensic analysis.

Tea, and particularly bottled tea, is widely consumed worldwide and is often encountered at crime scenes in poisoning cases or used in place of urine in drug abuse monitoring. Tea is a rich source of polyphenols, such as catechins and theaflavins, and these compounds are useful for identification of trace quantities of tea samples. However, information on the contents of catechins and theaflavins in bottled tea is limited.

Clinical characteristics of inguinal bladder hernias and total extraperitoneal repair.

Introduction: Bladder hernia is relatively rare in cases of inguinal hernia. In some instances, bladder hernia may be treated as inguinal hernia if bladder prolapse is not recognized. Because of the rarity of inguinal bladder hernias, there are no related detailed reports from studies performed at a single institution.

Indirect analysis of first-line therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with activating mutations in a Japanese population.

Five -tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( TKIs) are currently available in the first-line setting for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Japan. The aim here was to compare the relative efficacy of TKIs in the Japanese population. A systematic review identified randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of first-line TKIs.

Inhibitory effect of ergosterol on bladder carcinogenesis is due to androgen signaling inhibition by brassicasterol, a metabolite of ergosterol.

We previously revealed that Choreito, a traditional Kampo medicine, strongly inhibits bladder carcinogenesis promotion. We have also shown that Polyporus sclerotium, which is one of the crude drugs in Choreito, has the strongest bladder carcinogenesis inhibitory effect and that the ergosterol contained in Polyporus sclerotium is the main active component. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism by which ergosterol inhibits bladder carcinogenesis.

Treatment Sequencing in Patients with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Japan: A Real-World Observational Study.

Introduction: The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) alectinib was approved in Japan in 2014 for the treatment of ALK fusion gene-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With the approvals of crizotinib in 2012 and ceritinib in 2017, Japan became the first country with multiple ALK TKIs available for first-line or later use in patients with ALK-positive advanced NSCLC. Here, we collected and evaluated real-world data on ALK TKI clinical usage patterns and sequencing in patients with ALK-positive NSCLC in Japan.

Semi-automated scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry forensic analysis of soil samples.

Soil is commonly analyzed to provide evidence because soil particles adhere to almost everything that may be of forensic interest. Particles derived from soil can be quantitatively analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). We developed a semi-automated SEM-EDS method for analyzing soil minerals.

Colon liver metastasis complicated with tumor thrombus in the bile duct: A case report.

Introduction: Hepatectomy including conversion therapy is recommended for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). CRLM complicated with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) is rare, even though there are more opportunities to perform hepatectomy for CRLM in recent years.

Presentation Of Case: A 76-year-old Japanese man with a history of right hemicolectomy for ascending colon carcinoma presented with a portal hepatic tumor and the dilatation of the right bile duct found by computed tomography (CT) eighteen months after the colectomy.

Species identification of white false hellebore (Veratrum album subsp. oxysepalum) using real-time PCR.

Food poisoning is frequently caused by the accidental ingestion of toxic plants that possess strong morphological similarities to edible plants. False helleborine (Veratrum album) is one of the most common plants involved in such accidents. In cases of poisoning by toxic plants, rapid and accurate identification, usually based on the morphological or chemical analysis of plant parts, is required for appropriate medical treatment or forensic investigation.

Real-Time PCR Quantification of Chloroplast DNA Supports DNA Barcoding of Plant Species.

Species identification from extracted DNA is sometimes needed for botanical samples. DNA quantification is required for an accurate and effective examination. If a quantitative assay provides unreliable estimates, a higher quantity of DNA than the estimated amount may be used in additional analyses to avoid failure to analyze samples from which extracting DNA is difficult.

Forensic DNA Analysis of Wheat Flour as Commonly Used in White Powder Cases.

In the wake of terrorist attacks using anthrax and ricin, white powder is often encountered in cases of malicious mischief and terrorist threats. Wheat flour is a common white powder encountered in such criminal investigations. We used DNA analysis to investigate wheat flour samples for identification and discrimination as trace evidence.

[Successful treatment of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma with sorafenib combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization/hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy].

We report the long-term survival of a patient with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), successfully treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE)/hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) combined with long-term administration of sorafenib. A 74-year-old man underwent hepatectomy for a huge hepatocellular carcinoma, measuring 19 × 13 cm. Multiple intrahepatic HCCs that recurred 5 months post-surgery were treated with TACE.

Clinical impact of genetic variants of drug transporters in different ethnic groups within and across regions.

Drug transporters, together with drug metabolic enzymes, are major determinants of drug disposition and are known to alter the response to many commonly used drugs. Substantial frequency differences for known variants exist across geographic regions for certain drug transporters. To deliver efficacious medicine with the right dose for each patient, it is important to understand the contribution of genetic variants for drug transporters.

Impact of drug transporter pharmacogenomics on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability - considerations for drug development.

Introduction: Drug transporter proteins are expressed on the cell membrane, regulating substrate exposure in systemic circulation and/or peripheral tissues. Genetic polymorphism of drug transporter genes encoding these proteins could alter the functional activity and/or protein expression, having effects on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME), efficacy and adverse effects.

Areas Covered: The authors provide the reader with an overview of the pharmacogenetics (PGx) of 12 membrane transporters.

Figitumumab combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel in treatment-naïve Japanese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous tumor types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Figitumumab is a fully human IgG2 monoclonal antibody against IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R).

Methods: This phase I, open-label, dose-escalation study (ClinicalTrials.

Potential utility of DNA sequence analysis of long-term-stored plant leaf fragments for forensic discrimination and identification.

This study examined the potential utility of DNA sequence analysis to discriminate and identify plant material in forensic investigations. DNA was extracted from plant leaf fragments of 11 species stored for 5 to 22 years after collection. The trnH-psbA intergenic spacer and 316 bp of the rbcL gene were successfully amplified and sequenced for all fragments except for the trnH-psbA spacer of one sample.

Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of the selective nicotinic receptor partial agonist, varenicline, in healthy Japanese adult smokers.

Varenicline is a novel selective α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine partial agonist developed for smoking cessation. Single- and multiple dose studies were conducted to investigate pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of varenicline in healthy male Japanese smokers. The single-dose study was conducted as a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-way crossover study.

Rapid discrimination of Legionella by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Molecular typing is an important tool in the surveillance and investigation of human Legionella infection outbreaks. In this study, two molecular typing methods, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), were used to discriminate 23 Legionella pneumophila strains. The usefulness of MALDI-TOF-MS was demonstrated.

Inverse relationship between Sec14l3 mRNA/protein expression and allergic airway inflammation.

Bronchial asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways. The Sec14l3 gene, encoding a 45-kDa secretory protein, is specifically expressed in airway epithelium. Here, we report on the kinetics of Sec14l3 expression following allergic inflammation of the lung.

Characterization of the catalytic activity of the gamma-phage lysin, PlyG, specific for Bacillus anthracis.

Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax, a lethal disease affecting humans that has attracted attention due to its bioterrorism potential. PlyG is a lysin of gamma-phage, which specifically infects B. anthracis and lyses its cell wall.