Utility of outpatient fractionated radioiodine therapy for Graves disease involving a large goiter measuring more than 100 mL in volume.

Contrary to large multinodular goiters, reports on I radioiodine therapy (RIT) for Graves disease (GD) involving a large goiter are scarce. We retrospectively reviewed a total of 71 consecutive patients (25 males, 46 females) with GD involving a large goiter (>100 mL) who had received RIT in our clinic. Patients with a history of thyroid surgery or with large thyroid nodules and those who had dropped out less than one year after the initial RIT session were excluded.

Long-Term Outcomes of Radioiodine Therapy for Juvenile Graves Disease with Emphasis on Subsequently Detected Thyroid Nodules: A Single Institution Experience from Japan.

Objective: To investigate the long-term outcomes of radioiodine therapy (RIT) for juvenile Graves disease (GD) and the ultrasonographic changes of the thyroid gland.

Methods: All of 117 juvenile patients (25 males and 92 females, aged 10 to 18 [median 16] years) who had undergone RIT for GD at our clinic between 1999 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Each RIT session was delivered on an outpatient basis.

Thyroid Function of Infants Breastfed by Mothers with Graves Disease Treated with Inorganic Iodine: A Study of 100 Cases.

Context: We previously reported that inorganic iodine therapy in lactating women with Graves disease (GD) did not affect the thyroid function in 25 of 26 infants despite their exposure to excess iodine via breast milk.

Objective: To further assess thyroid function in infants nursed by mothers with GD treated with inorganic iodine.

Design: Case series.

Congenital Primary Hypothyroidism with the Homozygous Nonsense Mutation P.K1374* in the Thyroglobulin Gene and a Normal-sized Thyroid Gland on Levothyroxine Replacement.

Thyroglobulin (TG) gene mutations cause thyroid dyshormonogenesis, which is typically associated with a congenital goiter. We herein report the case of a 64-year-old man with congenital primary hypothyroidism who had a normal-sized thyroid gland on levothyroxine replacement. He had short stature (-3.

Effects of Inorganic Iodine Therapy Administered to Lactating Mothers With Graves Disease on Infant Thyroid Function.

Context: The effects of maternal inorganic iodine therapy on infant thyroid function are not well known.

Objective: This study investigated the effects on infant thyroid function of maternal inorganic iodine therapy when administered to lactating mothers with Graves disease.

Design And Setting: This study was a prospective case series performed at the Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan.

Painful Radiation Thyroiditis after I Therapy for Graves' Hyperthyroidism: Clinical Features and Ultrasonographic Findings in Five Cases.

Background: Radiation thyroiditis caused by I therapy for Graves' hyperthyroidism is asymptomatic in most patients and is rarely associated with pain or fever. Currently, there are few reports on the ultrasonographic findings of radiation thyroiditis after I therapy for Graves' hyperthyroidism.

Case Report: We herein report 5 cases with painful radiation thyroiditis (including 2 febrile cases) after I therapy for Graves' hyperthyroidism.

Iodide Transport Defect and Breast Milk Iodine.

Background: Iodide transport defect (ITD) is a dyshormonogenetic congenital hypothyroidism caused by sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) gene mutations. In the lactating mammary gland, iodide is concentrated by NIS, and iodine for thyroid hormone synthesis is thereby supplied to the infant in the breast milk.

Case Description: A 34-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed with ITD caused by a homozygous NIS gene mutation T354P.

FREQUENCY OF FLAME SENSOR ACTIVATION IN PUBLIC PLACES AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE TO TREAT GRAVES DISEASE: A RECENT SURVEY.

Objective: Ultraviolet (UV)-perception-type flame sensors detect gamma rays emitted from iodine 131 ((131)I). Explaining the possibility of flame sensor activation to patients when they receive (131)I to treat Graves disease or other ablative purposes is important. We investigate the current situation of flame sensor activation after radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy.

Development of Primary Thyroid Lymphoma during an Ultrasonographic Follow-up of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Report of 9 Cases.

We herein experienced 9 patients with primary thyroid lymphoma that developed during 3-18 years of ultrasonographic follow-up of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. All nine patients had localized mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Two patients had diffuse type, one had mixed type, and six had nodular type according to the ultrasonographic classification.

Genetic and epigenetic states of the GNAS complex in pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib using methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay.

Context: Pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP-Ib) is a rare disorder resulting from genetic and epigenetic aberrations in the GNAS complex. PHP-Ib, usually defined by renal resistance to parathyroid hormone, is due to a maternal loss of GNAS exon A/B methylation and leads to decreased expression of the stimulatory G protein α (Gsα) in specific tissues.

Objective: To clarify the usefulness of methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA), we evaluated genetic and epigenetic changes of the GNAS locus in Japanese PHP-Ib patients.

Short-term effects of β-adrenergic antagonists and methimazole in new-onset thyrotoxicosis caused by Graves' disease.

Objective: β-adrenergic antagonists (β-blockers) are often used to attenuate the hyperadrenergic symptoms of Graves' disease (GD), including palpitation. Although β-blockers reduce the heart rate, cardiac output and oxygen consumption, no firm evidence exists regarding the effects of combined therapy with β-blockers and anti-thyroid drugs. The objective is to elucidate the effects of β-blockers on anti-thyroid drug therapy in GD.

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors suppress the development and progression of carotid artery intimal-medial thickening in hypercholesterolemic type 2 diabetic patients.

We reported previously that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (RIs) suppressed in vitro oxidized-low density lipoprotein-induced macrophage growth. To elucidate whether HMG-CoA RIs have anti-atherogenic effects separate from their cholesterol-lowering effect, total plasma levels of cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) and hypercholesterolemia were reduced to normal by one-year treatment with HMG-CoA RIs and intimal-medial thickness (IMT) of the common carotid arteries (CCA) was measured. Patients with type 2 DM and hypercholesterolemia received either pravastatin (n = 15) or simvastatin (n = 15), while another group of type 2 DM patients with normocholesterolemia did not receive these agents.

Sarpogrelate hydrochloride, a serotonin2A receptor antagonist, reduces albuminuria in diabetic patients with early-stage diabetic nephropathy.

We have recently demonstrated that serotonin (5-HT) increases the production of type 4 collagen by cultured human mesangial cells. Here we examined the clinical effects of a 5-HT(A2) receptor antagonist whether it would prevent the development or progression of diabetic nephropathy. We compared the levels of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), the major metabolite of 5-HT, in 24-h urine samples of patients with type 2 diabetes (n=110) and normal subjects (n=40).