Machine learning-based identification and related features of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: A cross-sectional study.

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are twice as likely as nondiabetic individuals to develop depression, which is a prevalent but often undiagnosed psychiatric comorbidity. Patients with DM who are depressed have poor glycemic control, worse quality of life, increased risk of diabetic complications, and higher mortality rate. The present study aimed to develop machine learning (ML) models that identify depression in patients with DM, determine the best performing model by evaluating multiple ML algorithms, and investigate features related to depression.

JUUL preference among Korean adult tobacco users and its effect on attempts to quit tobacco: A follow-up survey four months post JUUL launch.

Introduction: This study examined the various factors in the selection of JUUL (and/or), a pod-mod type electronic cigarette (EC), and the changes in EC patterns before and after the JUUL debut on 24 May 2019, using follow-up survey data of adult tobacco users in South Korea.

Methods: This study examined transition outcomes among tobacco users and factors associated with future JUUL use. Convenience sample data were collected from adult tobacco users in South Korea, from March-April 2019 (baseline, n=2173) to September 2019 (follow-up, n=779).

Association between the dual use of electronic and conventional cigarettes and NAFLD status in Korean men.

Introduction: This study investigated the association between smoking types, including dual use (usage of both combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) status in Korean men.

Methods: Data from the 7th and 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016-2020 were used. The presence of NAFLD was defined by the respective cut-off values for the Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI), NAFLD Ridge Score (NRS), and Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NAFLD score (KNS).

Impact of Sleep Duration on Decline in Kidney Function in Adult Patients with Hypertension: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Sleep duration is associated with various health conditions, including chronic kidney disease. However, the association between sleep duration and decline in kidney function in the South Korean population remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the impact of sleep duration on kidney function decline in adult patients with hypertension.

Setting the clock of neural progenitor cells during mammalian corticogenesis.

Radial glial cells (RGCs) as primary neural stem cells in the developing mammalian cortex give rise to diverse types of neurons and glial cells according to sophisticated developmental programs with remarkable spatiotemporal precision. Recent studies suggest that regulation of the temporal competence of RGCs is a key mechanism for the highly conserved and predictable development of the cerebral cortex. Various types of epigenetic regulations, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and 3D chromatin architecture, play a key role in shaping the gene expression pattern of RGCs.

Perceived relative harm of heated tobacco products and electronic cigarettes and its association with use in smoke-free places: A cross-sectional analysis of Korean adults.

Introduction: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) are often considered to be less harmful and safer than combustible cigarettes (CCs). As a result, numerous tobacco product users opt to use e-cigarettes or HTPs as a safer alternative, though the safety of these products is not fully warranted. The present study aimed to assess the various attitudes towards e-cigarettes and/or HTPs among Korean tobacco product users and their associations with the practical use of e-cigarettes and/or HTPs in private or smoke-free public places.

Partitioning RNAs by length improves transcriptome reconstruction from short-read RNA-seq data.

The accuracy of methods for assembling transcripts from short-read RNA sequencing data is limited by the lack of long-range information. Here we introduce Ladder-seq, an approach that separates transcripts according to their lengths before sequencing and uses the additional information to improve the quantification and assembly of transcripts. Using simulated data, we show that a kallisto algorithm extended to process Ladder-seq data quantifies transcripts of complex genes with substantially higher accuracy than conventional kallisto.

Fruit Intake and Changes of Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in People with Obesity.

Background: This study aimed to explore the relationship between fruit intake, changes in fruit intake, and changes in cardiometabolic factors in people with obesity.

Methods: A total of 21,270 subjects (8,718 men, 12,552 women) aged 40 years and over, from the Korean-based Genome and Epidemiology Study, were followed up for an average of 4.4 years.

Combined Associations of Changes in Noncombustible Nicotine or Tobacco Product and Combustible Cigarette Use Habits With Subsequent Short-Term Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among South Korean Men: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: The associations of changes in noncombustible nicotine or tobacco product (NNTP) and combustible cigarette (CC) use habits with subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are still unclear.

Methods: The study population consisted of 5 159 538 adult men who underwent health screening examinations during both the first (2014-2015) and second (2018) health screening periods from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. All participants were divided into continual CC-only smokers, CC and NNTP users, recent (<5 years) CC quitters without NNTP use, recent CC quitters with NNTP use, long-term (≥5 years) CC quitters without NNTP use, long-term CC quitters with NNTP use, and never smokers.

ADL/ IADL dependencies and unmet healthcare needs in older persons: A nationwide survey.

Purpose: To determine the impact of overall and component-wise activities for daily living (ADL) as well as instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) dependencies on unmet healthcare needs in older adults.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were performed based on a National Survey of Older Koreans. A total of 10,082 participants aged ≥ 65 years were included.

Nicotine Dependence Evaluated by Urinary Cotinine and Heaviness of Smoking Index among Smokers, Vapers, and Dual Users: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data.

Background: Many people use both combustible cigarette (CC) and electronic cigarette (EC). We compared nicotine dependence among CC, EC, and dual users using questionnaires and urinary cotinine levels.

Methods: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014-2017) databases were analyzed; 3,917 CC, EC, and dual users were administered the urinary cotinine test, and 1,045 current CC and dual users completed the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) questionnaires.

Efficacy of Health Coaching and an Electronic Health Management Program: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: For chronic disease management, self-management strategies are essential to achieve sustained improvement.

Objective: Our study evaluated the efficacy of health coaching and a self-management strategy-based electronic program on self-management strategies for patients with osteoporosis, chronic respiratory disease, or arthritis.

Design: Three-arm randomized controlled trial, pilot study PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-four participants INTERVENTIONS: The first intervention group (n = 53) received a self-management strategy-based electronic program and 12 weeks of health coaching (20 sessions).

Assessment of Dietary Habits Using the Diet Quality Index-International in Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Disease Patients.

Improvement of dietary habits is recommended for the management of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases (CCVD). This study aimed to evaluate the dietary habits of CCVD patients and compare them with the general population by using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2013-2016) were used.

The characterization of exosomes from fibrosarcoma cell and the useful usage of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) for their evaluation.

Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles containing mRNA, miRNA, and proteins of origin cells, which can control the characteristics of other cells or surroundings. Despite increasing evidence on oncogenic properties of tumor-derived exosomes, fibrosarcoma-derived exosomes remain largely unrevealed. While the proper extraction and characterization of exosomes is critical in exosomes research, there are various limitations in techniques to measure the size and homogeneity of exosomes.

Effects of Multicomponent Exercise on Cognitive Function in Elderly Korean Individuals.

Background And Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of multicomponent exercise on cognitive function, depression, and quality of life in elderly individuals.

Methods: This study prospectively recruited 605 participants, and constructed an exercise pyramid comprising even distributions of daily physical activities, aerobic exercise, muscle-strengthening exercise, flexibility exercise, balance exercise, and activities that subjects could perform while sitting down. The exercise program was divided into six stages according to the participant's level of frailty.

Dual use of electronic and conventional cigarettes is associated with higher cardiovascular risk factors in Korean men.

Most smokers who use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) to stop smoking simultaneously use conventional cigarettes (dual users). We aimed to compare the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among dual users, cigarette-only smokers, and never smokers in Korean men. We used data acquired from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2017) pertaining to 7,505 male participants aged 19 years or older.

Association of smoking cessation after atrial fibrillation diagnosis on the risk of cardiovascular disease: a cohort study of South Korean men.

Background: While smoking elevates the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, whether smoking cessation after AF diagnosis actually leads to reduced CVD risk is unclear. We aimed to determine the association of smoking cessation after AF diagnosis with subsequent CVD Risk among South Korean men.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 2372 newly diagnosed AF male patients during 2003-2012 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database.

Efficacy of an Electronic Health Management Program for Patients With Cardiovascular Risk: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: In addition to medication, health behavior management is crucial in patients with multiple risks of cardiovascular mortality.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the efficacy of a 3-month Smart Management Strategy for Health-based electronic program (Smart Healthing).

Methods: A 2-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of Smart Healthing in 106 patients with at least one indicator of poor disease control and who had hypertension, diabetes, or hypercholesterolemia.

Factors associated with continued smoking after the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study in the Korean cohort.

Objective: To investigate the factors associated with continued smoking in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

Design: Retrospective study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (2002-2013) database.

Participants: Male patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2011.