Filaggrin loss-of-function variants are associated with atopic dermatitis phenotypes in a diverse, early-life prospective cohort.

Loss-of-function (LoF) variants in the filaggrin (FLG) gene are the strongest known genetic risk factor for atopic dermatitis (AD), but the impact of these variants on AD outcomes is poorly understood. We comprehensively identified genetic variants through targeted region sequencing of FLG in children participating in the Mechanisms of Progression of Atopic Dermatitis to Asthma in Children cohort. Twenty FLG LoF variants were identified, including 1 novel variant and 9 variants not previously associated with AD.

What Have Mechanistic Studies Taught Us About Childhood Asthma?

Childhood asthma is a chronic heterogeneous syndrome consisting of different disease entities or phenotypes. The immunologic and cellular processes that occur during asthma development are still not fully understood but represent distinct endotypes. Mechanistic studies have examined the role of gene expression, protein levels, and cell types in early life development and the manifestation of asthma, many under the influence of environmental stimuli, which can be both protective and risk factors for asthma.

Factors Associated With Residential Relocation and Effects on Early Childhood Development in a Low-Income Home Visitation Population.

Residential relocation (RR) is associated with behavior problems and cognitive delays in school-age children. Little is known regarding effects of RR on early childhood development. The data from this study were collected from 2011 to 2016 through the Cincinnati Home Injury Prevention and Literacy Promotion Trial.

Combinations of adverse childhood events and risk of postpartum depression among mothers enrolled in a home visiting program.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how combinations of adverse childhood events (ACEs) contribute to the risk of postpartum depression and the mediating role of prenatal social support.

Methods: The Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale Questionnaire and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Questionnaire were used to measure the study's exposure and outcome. Among a cohort of 419 mothers enrolled in a home visiting (HV) program, latent class analyses were used to identify classes of ACEs exposure.

Shared reading quality assessment by parental report: preliminary validation of the DialogPR.

Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends shared reading beginning as soon as possible after birth to promote healthy development. Shared reading quality can strongly influence outcomes, especially in children from low-SES households. Dialogic reading is a method developed to enhance verbal interactivity and engagement through book sharing, advocated by the AAP and clinic-based programs such as Reach Out and Read.

Volunteer driven home safety intervention results in significant reduction in pediatric injuries: A model for community based injury reduction.

Background: Home based injuries account for a significant number of injuries to children between 1 and 5years old. Evidence-based safety interventions delivered in the home with installation of safety equipment have been demonstrated to reduce injury rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a community based volunteer implemented home safety intervention.

Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis.

This guideline is a revision of the clinical practice guideline, "Diagnosis and Management of Bronchiolitis," published by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2006. The guideline applies to children from 1 through 23 months of age. Other exclusions are noted.

Maternal supervision of children during their first 3 years of life: the influence of maternal depression and child gender.

Objective: The present study examined the effect of child gender and maternal depressive symptoms on routine supervisory practices of mothers longitudinally.

Method: Self-report supervision practices were obtained at various time points from 3 months through 3 years of age.

Results: From 3 to 36 months, the quantity of time mothers reported supervising decreased from 7.

In their own words: adolescent views on ADHD and their evolving role managing medication.

Objective: Up to 90% of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remain functionally impaired, yet less than half continue to take medication. The objective of this study was to gain a detailed understanding of how adolescents with ADHD contribute to medication treatment decisions.

Methods: Forty-four adolescents with ADHD aged 13 to 18 years old participated in 1 of 7 focus groups.

A randomized controlled trial of home injury hazard reduction: the HOME injury study.

Objective: To test the efficacy of installing safety devices in the homes of young children on total injury rates and on injuries deemed a priori modifiable by the installation of these devices.

Design: A nested, prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Indoor environment of housing units.

Housing interventions and control of injury-related structural deficiencies: a review of the evidence.

Subject matter experts systematically reviewed evidence on the effectiveness of housing interventions that affect safety and injury outcomes, such as falls, fire-related injuries, burns, drowning, carbon monoxide poisoning, heat-related deaths, and noise-related harm, associated with structural housing deficiencies. Structural deficiencies were defined as those deficiencies for which a builder, landlord, or home-owner would take responsibility (ie, design, construction, installation, repair, monitoring). Three of the 17 interventions reviewed had sufficient evidence for implementation: installed, working smoke alarms; 4-sided isolation pool fencing; and preset safe hot water temperature.

Parental angst making and revisiting decisions about treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurobehavioral conditions of childhood and adolescence. Despite availability of effective treatment options, initiation of treatment is variable and persistence with therapeutic regimens is poor.

Objective: We sought to better understand how parents make decisions about treatment for their child or adolescent with ADHD.

Comparing the frequency of unrecognized attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in injured versus noninjured patients presenting for care in the pediatric emergency department.

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common pediatric mental health problems but often goes unrecognized. Children with ADHD have an increased risk of injuries. Whether injured children presenting to the emergency department (ED) have an increased frequency of unrecognized ADHD symptoms compared to noninjured children is not known.

Deaths from residential injuries in US children and adolescents, 1985-1997.

Objective: The majority of deaths from unintentional injuries in children occur in the home environment, but there has not been a comprehensive analysis of residential deaths in the United States since 1985. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and trends of deaths from injuries that occurred in the residential setting.

Methods: Injury-related death rates of all deaths among US children and adolescents who were younger than 20 years from 1985 to 1997 were calculated using National Vital Statistics System Mortality Data from 1985 to 1997 by age group, gender, region, and race.

Residential injuries in U.S. children and adolescents.

Objectives: Injuries are the leading cause of death and disability for U.S. children, but little research exists on injury in the home environment.

Promoting the uptake and use of evidence: an overview of the problem.

Application of evidence-based practice principles in neonatology requires that the use of proved therapies is monitored and evaluated. Although studies of neonatal center practice variation are appearing in the literature, careful, population-based assessments of the use of proved therapies are lacking. Few center comparison studies focus on proved therapies or explore the patient-independent reasons for practice variation.