A Clinical Audit of Orthopaedic Operation Note Documentation and Digitalization of the Operative Note Template: A Quality Improvement Project.

Background Good communication between a surgical team and other colleagues is vital, and the medium of communication is often the operative note. It is essential to ensure continuity of care between the operating team and other colleagues; also, it provides a medicolegal record of patient care. It checks all the four main domains of good surgical practice guidelines set by the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) of England.

Postpartum Length of Stay and Hospital Readmission Before and During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.

Objective: To compare postpartum hospitalization length of stay (LOS) and hospital readmission among obstetric patients before (March 2017-February 2020; prepandemic) and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (March 2020-February 2021).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, using Epic Systems' Cosmos research platform, of obstetric patients who delivered between March 1, 2017, and February 28, 2021, at 20-44 weeks of gestation and were discharged within 7 days of delivery. The primary outcome was short postpartum hospitalization LOS (less than two midnights for vaginal births and less than three midnights for cesarean births) and secondary outcome was hospital readmission within 6 weeks of postpartum hospitalization discharge.

Validation of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Module of the VirtaMed Virtual Reality Arthroscopy Trainer.

Objective: To assess the newly developed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) module of a VR arthroscopy trainer for content, construct and face validity.

Design: Participants were divided into expert and novice groups based on their experience with ACL arthroscopy. Participants were given a standardized introduction, shown a video on how to use the simulator, and performed a 5-minute partial meniscectomy task, to familiarise them with the equipment.

Evaluating gender bias in an eating disorder risk assessment questionnaire for athletes.

Due to stigma, eating disorders are under-researched, underdiagnosed and undertreated among men. This is particularly pertinent among athletes, as athletic goals are a major risk factor for disordered eating in men. This gender stereotype may be reinforced by eating disorder risk assessment tools that better reflect female symptoms.

Validation of the Hip Arthroscopy Module of the VirtaMed Virtual Reality Arthroscopy Trainer.

Objective: To assess the face, content and construct validity of a virtual reality hip arthroscopy simulator (Arthros™, VirtaMed AG, Schlieren, Switzerland).

Design: Participants were divided into Expert and Novice groups depending on whether or not they had assisted with or performed more than 50 hip arthroscopy procedures. Participants were given a standardized introduction and shown a video on how to use the simulator.

Modelling and understanding powder flow properties and compactability of selected active pharmaceutical ingredients, excipients and physical mixtures from critical material properties.

The development of solid dosage forms and manufacturing processes are governed by complex physical properties of the powder and the type of pharmaceutical unit operation the manufacturing processes employs. Suitable powder flow properties and compactability are crucial bulk level properties for tablet manufacturing by direct compression. It is also generally agreed that small scale powder flow measurements can be useful to predict large scale production failure.

Mitigating unwanted amorphisation: A screening method for the selection of suitable excipients.

Co-processing an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with a low Tg excipient has been previously reported to be an effective strategy for preventing drug amorphisation on milling. This technique relies on the ability of the excipient to form a molecular dispersion with the amorphous API during the milling process. The presence of the excipient within the amorphous phase induces a reduction of the Tg.

Emerging Nanonisation Technologies: Tailoring Crystalline Versus Amorphous Nanomaterials.

The overall pharmaceutical market is changing. A more personalised medicine approach is replacing the concept of blockbuster drugs and the "one size fits all" model. The two main forces that fuel the growth of nano-enabled drug technologies are the low aqueous solubility of new chemical entities and the pharmaceutical market itself, as the development of novel drug delivery systems can extend the drug patent lifetime.

Outcome of combined autologous chondrocyte implantation and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Background: Instability of the knee joint, after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, is contraindication to osteochondral defect repair. This prospective study is to investigate the role of combined autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) with ACL reconstruction.

Materials And Methods: Three independent groups of patients with previous ACL injuries undergoing ACI were identified and prospectively followed up.

Effectiveness of a tailored neck training program on neck strength, movement, and fatigue in under-19 male rugby players: a randomized controlled pilot study.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of a tailored neck muscle conditioning program on neck muscle strength, neck muscle fatigue, and range of neck movement in 16-18-year-old male rugby players.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-four male rugby players were divided into forward and back playing positions and randomized within these groups. Seventeen players were randomly assigned to each group.

Solubility of crystalline organic compounds in high and low molecular weight amorphous matrices above and below the glass transition by zero enthalpy extrapolation.

Pharmaceutical applications which require knowledge of the solubility of a crystalline compound in an amorphous matrix are abundant in the literature. Several methods that allow the determination of such data have been reported, but so far have only been applicable to amorphous polymers above the glass transition of the resulting composites. The current work presents, for the first time, a reliable method for the determination of the solubility of crystalline pharmaceutical compounds in high and low molecular weight amorphous matrices at the glass transition and at room temperature (i.

Autologous chondrocyte implantation in the knee: mid-term to long-term results.

Background: From 1998 to 2008, 1000 skeletally mature patients underwent autologous chondrocyte implantation for an osteochondral defect of the knee. We evaluated the functional outcomes in 827 of 869 patients who had undergone autologous chondrocyte implantation with Chondron or periosteum (ACI-C/ACI-P) or matrix-assisted chondrocyte implantation (MACI) and attempted to identify factors that influenced outcome.

Methods: The age of the patient, the size and site of the osteochondral lesion, previous surgery, and the presence of early osteoarthritis were assessed for their influence on outcomes.

Reducing mechanical activation-induced amorphisation of salbutamol sulphate by co-processing with selected carboxylic acids.

The unintentional generation of amorphous character in crystalline active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is an adverse consequence of mechanical activation during dosage form manufacture. In this study, we assess and compare the ability of low glass transition temperature (Tg) dicarboxylic acids to mitigate amorphisation of a model API, salbutamol sulphate (SS), on both co-milling and co-mixing. SS processed alone, as well as co-milled and co-mixed composites of the API with glutaric acid (GA), adipic acid (AA) and pimelic acid (PA) were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic vapour sorption (DVS).

Mid-term functional outcome after the internal fixation of distal radius fractures.

Background: Distal radius fracture is a common injury with a variety of operative and non-operative management options. There remains debate as to the optimal treatment for a given patient and fracture. Despite the popularity of volar locking plate fixation, there are few large cohort or long term follow up studies to justify this modality.

Nasotemporal asymmetry of retinopathy of prematurity.

Objective: To quantify an apparent nasotemporal asymmetry in the location of retinopathy of prematurity with respect to the optic disc.

Methods: Twenty-four-bit color images were captured using a contact digital fundus camera during routine screening. Semiautomated measurements were undertaken to determine the distance between the optic disc and retinopathy located in the nasal and temporal regions of the retina.