Sleep quality in secure psychiatric healthcare: Inpatient & staff perspectives.

The lived experiences of psychiatric inpatients are not well represented in the literature, especially when these experiences pertain to health. Reports regarding sleep health are particularly sparse, despite the increasing prevalence of sleep disorders in this population. The current study aimed to explore inpatient and staff perspectives of inpatient sleep quality to aid the future development of a sleep quality intervention.

Human in vivo baseline intrarenal pressure, peristaltic activity and response to ureteric stenting.

Objectives: To assess human in vivo intrarenal pressure (IRP) and peristaltic activity at baseline and after ureteric stent placement, using a narrow calibre pressure guidewire placed retrogradely in the renal pelvis.

Patients And Methods: A prospective, multi-institutional study recruiting consenting patients undergoing ureteroscopy was designed with ethical approval. Prior to ureteroscopy, the urinary bladder was emptied and the COMET™ II pressure guidewire (Boston Scientific) was advanced retrogradely via the ureteric orifice to the renal pelvis.

Real-World Evidence to Support EU Regulatory Decision Making-Results From a Pilot of Regulatory Use Cases.

Studies using real-world data (RWD) can complement evidence from clinical trials and fill evidence gaps during different stages of a medicine's lifecycle. This review presents the experience resulting from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) pilot to generate RWE to support evaluations by EU regulators and down-stream decision makers from September 2021 to February 2023. A total of 61 research topics were identified for RWE generation during this period, covering a wide range of research questions, primarily generating evidence on medicines safety (22, 36%), followed by questions on the design and feasibility of clinical trials (11, 18%), drug utilization (10, 16%), clinical management (10, 16%), and disease epidemiology.

Intrarenal pressure with hand-pump or pressurized-bag irrigation: randomized clinical trial at retrograde intrarenal surgery.

Background: The aim was to ascertain the impact of irrigation technique on human intrarenal pressure during retrograde intrarenal surgery.

Methods: A parallel randomized trial recruited patients across three hospital sites. Patients undergoing retrograde intrarenal surgery for renal stone treatment with an 11/13-Fr ureteral access sheath were allocated randomly to 100 mmHg pressurized-bag (PB) or manual hand-pump (HP) irrigation.

The role of urology and radiology in prostate biopsy: current trends and future perspectives.

Purpose: Prostate biopsy is central to the accurate histological diagnosis of prostate cancer. In current practice, the biopsy procedure can be performed using a transrectal or transperineal route with different technologies available for targeting of lesions within the prostate. Historically, the biopsy procedure was performed solely by urologists, but with the advent of image-guided techniques, the involvement of radiologists in prostate biopsy has become more common.

Physical activity interventions for inpatients in secure mental health settings: what works, for whom, in what circumstances and why? A protocol for a realist synthesis.

Introduction: The physical health of individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) is a cause for concern. While the purpose of inpatient mental health settings is rehabilitation and treatment, the physical health of hospitalised patients commonly deteriorates. Physical activity (PA) has been identified as an appropriate intervention to help improve the psychological and physical health of inpatients.

Perceptions and Practice Patterns of Urologists Relating to Intrarenal Pressure During Ureteroscopy: Findings from a Global Cross-Sectional Analysis.

To explore beliefs and practice patterns of urologists regarding intrarenal pressure (IRP) during ureteroscopy (URS). A customized questionnaire was designed in a 4-step iterative process incorporating a systematic review of the literature and critical analysis of topics/questions by six endourologists. The 19-item questionnaire interrogated perceptions, practice patterns, and key areas of uncertainty regarding ureteroscopic IRP, and was disseminated via urologic societies, networks, and social media to the international urologic community.

Predicting clozapine dose required to achieve a therapeutic plasma concentration - A comparison of a population algorithm and three algorithms based on gene variant models.

Background: Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic but requires careful titration to therapeutic blood levels. Methods to predict therapeutic doses are based on population data.

Aims: We aimed to construct a model based on genetic variants which accurately predicted plasma levels for clozapine.

Nephrectomy for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis-a not-so-simple solution.

Background: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare chronic inflammatory condition of the kidney, associated with high patient morbidity, often requiring targeted antibiotic therapy and surgical removal of the affected kidney.

Aim: We report the outcomes of patients undergoing nephrectomy for XGP in our institution over a 12-year period.

Methods: Following ethical approval, a retrospective review of histological samples of renal tissue demonstrating features of XGP from June 2010 to 2022 was conducted.

Global Incidence and Risk Factors Associated With Postoperative Urinary Retention Following Elective Inguinal Hernia Repair: The Retention of Urine After Inguinal Hernia Elective Repair (RETAINER I) Study.

Importance: Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a well-recognized complication of inguinal hernia repair (IHR). A variable incidence of POUR has previously been reported in this context, and contradictory evidence surrounds potential risk factors.

Objective: To ascertain the incidence of, explore risk factors for, and determine the health service outcomes of POUR following elective IHR.

Differences in body mass index trajectories of adolescent psychiatric inpatients by sex, age, diagnosis and medication: an exploratory longitudinal, mixed effects analysis.

Background: Adolescents in secure psychiatric care typically report high obesity rates. However, longitudinal research exploring the rate and extent of change is sparse. This study aimed to analyse sex differences in longitudinal body mass index (BMI) change for adolescents receiving treatment in a secure psychiatric hospital.

Survival following upfront chemotherapy for treatment-naïve metastatic prostate cancer: a real-world retrospective cohort study.

Background: Upfront chemotherapy prolongs overall survival for men with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) based on data from clinical trials. We sought to assess the association between upfront chemotherapy and overall survival in men with mHSPC in a real-world cohort.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of men with de novo, treatment-naïve metastatic prostate cancer from a large, national cancer database in the United States (2014-2015).

Predictors of long-term renal allograft survival after second kidney transplantation.

Introduction: Few studies investigate significant perioperative predictors for long-term renal allograft survival after second kidney transplant (SKT). We compared long-term survival following SKT with primary kidney transplant and determined predictors of renal allograft failure after SKT.

Methods: Outcomes of all primary or second kidney transplant recipients at a national kidney transplant center between 1993 and 2017 were reviewed.

Ureteric stenting with magnetic retrieval: an alternative to traditional methods.

Introduction: Ureteric stents are frequently placed following endo-urological procedures. These stents cause significant morbidity for patients. Standard ureteric stents are removed by flexible cystoscopy.

Patient experience after transperineal template prostate biopsy compared to prior transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy.

Introduction: Transperineal template prostate biopsy (TTPB) is reported to have higher cancer detection and lower complication rate compared to transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (TRUSPB).However, there is no report of the same patient's experience with both types of biopsy.To compare the patient reported experience in the same cohort of patients who underwent both TRUSPB and TTPB, using validated questionnaires.

Life expectancy calculation in urology: Are we equitably treating older patients?

Introduction: The aim of our study was to determine the contemporary practice in the utilization of life expectancy (LE) calculations among urological clinicians.

Material And Methods: Members of the Irish Society of Urology (ISU) and the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) completed a questionnaire on LE utilization in urological practice.

Results: The survey was delivered to 1251 clinicians and the response rate was 17% (n = 208/1251).

Investigating the role of the IGF axis as a predictor of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients post-surgery.

Background: Between 20% and 35% of prostate cancer (PCa) patients who undergo treatment with curative intent (ie, surgery or radiation therapy) for localized disease will experience biochemical recurrence (BCR). Alterations in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis and PTEN expression have been implicated in the development and progression of several human tumors including PCa. We examined the expression of the insulin receptor (INSR), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), PTEN, and AKT in radical prostatectomy tissue of patients who developed BCR post-surgery.

Precompetitive Data Sharing as a Catalyst to Address Unmet Needs in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease is a complex heterogeneous disorder with urgent need for disease-modifying therapies. Progress in successful therapeutic approaches for PD will require an unprecedented level of collaboration. At a workshop hosted by Parkinson's UK and co-organized by Critical Path Institute's (C-Path) Coalition Against Major Diseases (CAMD) Consortiums, investigators from industry, academia, government and regulatory agencies agreed on the need for sharing of data to enable future success.

Adult blunt renal trauma: routine follow-up imaging is excessive.

Objective: To determine the yield of follow-up imaging in patients sustaining renal trauma at our level-1 trauma center and hence, whether the 2013 European Association of Urology guidelines are clinically applicable.

Methods: All patients who attended Cork University Hospital with a diagnosis of renal injury from 2000-2012 were identified. Review of all medical records and radiologic imaging was undertaken.

What impacts on the stress symptoms of Parkinson's carers? Results from the Parkinson's UK Members' Survey.

Purpose: Caring for a patient with Parkinson's disease (PD) is stressful and has a significant impact on the carer's physical and mental health. This article is aimed at assessing which characteristics are most frequently associated with the stress symptoms of PD carers.

Method: Data from the Parkinson's UK Members' Survey were drawn from 1881 valid self-completion surveys, filled in by carers of a patient with PD.

Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: the patient's perspective.

Parkinson's disease (PD) can be manifested in many different ways. Although motor dysfunction represents the best characterised of the symptoms, the non-motor symptoms (NMS) of the condition can be equally disabling for people. These have been highlighted as being an issue of particular importance by people with PD.

Nicotine modifies in vivo and in vitro rat hippocampal amyloid precursor protein processing in young but not old rats.

Previous studies have shown that administration of nicotine modifies the expression and secretion of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in various cell lines. The present study investigated the extent to which chronic subcutaneous nicotine administration influences APP levels and processing in cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus of young and old rat brains. The results showed that constant nicotine infusion (0.