Body Mass Index and Vascular Disease in Men Aged 65 Years and Over: HIMS (Health In Men Study).

Background: Understanding the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and vascular disease at older age has become increasingly important in the many countries where both average age and BMI are rising.

Methods And Results: In this prospective cohort study, 12 203 men (aged ≥65) were recruited in 1996-1999 from the general population in Perth, Australia. To limit reverse causality, analyses excluded those with past vascular disease and the first 4 years of follow-up.

Systolic Blood Pressure and Vascular Disease in Men Aged 65 Years and Over: The HIMS (Health in Men Study).

There is uncertainty about the relation between blood pressure and vascular disease at older age. We assessed the association of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and major vascular events in a prospective cohort study of 7564 men aged 65 to 94 years, recruited in 1996-1999 from the general population in Perth, Western Australia. SBP was measured at baseline and again at resurvey in 2001-2004.

Long-term Outcomes of the Western Australian Trial of Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Mortality from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) remains high. The benefit of screening older men for AAAs needs to be assessed in a range of health care settings.

Objective: To assess the influence of screening for AAAs in men aged 64 to 83 years on mortality from AAAs.

How many older people are frail? Using multiple imputation to investigate frailty in the population.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to establish the extent to which frailty was associated with attrition and then compare estimates of frailty prevalence and progression estimated from the observed data to those estimated after imputation.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Setting: The Health in Men Study (HIMS) with frailty estimated at Wave 2 (2001/2004) and Wave 3 (2008) and mortality follow-up to 2010.

Diabetes, myocardial infarction and stroke are distinct and duration-dependent predictors of subsequent cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in older men.

Context: The impact of older age and duration of diabetes mellitus on macrovascular complications is unclear.

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that in older men, diabetes duration predicts incident cardiovascular events and death, differently from prior myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a longitudinal cohort study of 11 728 community-dwelling men aged ≥ 65 years in Perth, Western Australia, recruited in 1996-1999.

In older men, lower plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with reduced incidence of prostate, but not colorectal or lung cancer.

Context And Objective: Prostate, colorectal and lung cancers are common in men. In this study, we aimed to determine whether vitamin D status is associated with the incidence of these cancers in older men.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Associations between testosterone levels and incident prostate, lung, and colorectal cancer. A population-based study.

Background: The relationship between testosterone and cancer is relatively unexplored. We sought to examine whether testosterone and related hormones are associated with incident prostate, lung, and colorectal cancer.

Methods: This was a population-based cohort study.

Physical activity and all-cause mortality in older women and men.

Background: Regular physical activity is associated with reduced risk of mortality in middle-aged adults; however, associations between physical activity and mortality in older people have been less well studied. The objective of this study was to compare relationships between physical activity and mortality in older women and men.

Methods: The prospective cohort design involved 7080 women aged 70-75 years and 11 668 men aged 65-83 years at baseline, from two Australian cohorts - the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health and the Health in Men Study.

Are the national guidelines for health behaviour appropriate for older Australians? Evidence from the Men, Women and Ageing project.

Aim: To review findings from the Men, Women and Ageing (MWA) longitudinal studies and consider their implications for national health guidelines.

Methods: Guidelines for good health for older adults in the areas of body mass index (BMI), physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking behaviours are compared with MWA findings.

Results: Findings from MWA suggest that current BMI guidelines may be too narrow because BMI in the overweight range appears to be protective for both older men and women.

Associations of IGF1 and its binding proteins with abdominal aortic aneurysm and aortic diameter in older men.

Objective: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is most prevalent in older men. GH secretion declines with age resulting in reduced IGF1 levels. IGF1 and its binding proteins (IGFBPs) are expressed in vasculature, and lower IGF1 levels have been associated with cardiovascular risk factors and disease.

Low free testosterone predicts mortality from cardiovascular disease but not other causes: the Health in Men Study.

Context: Low testosterone is associated with all-cause mortality, but the relationship with cause-specific mortality is uncertain.

Objective: Our objective was to explore associations between testosterone and its related hormones and cause-specific mortality.

Design: This was a population-based cohort study.

Falls, injuries from falls, health related quality of life and mortality in older adults with vision and hearing impairment--is there a gender difference?

Background: Vision and hearing decline with age. Loss of these senses is associated with increased risk of falls, injuries from falls, mortality and decreased health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Our objective was to determine if there are gender differences in the associations between visual and hearing impairment and these outcomes.

Associations of IGF1 and IGFBPs 1 and 3 with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older men: the Health In Men Study.

Objective: Circulating IGF1 declines with age while ill-health increases. Controversy remains whether differences in the levels of IGF1 and its binding proteins 1 and 3 (IGFBP1 and IGFBP3) determine health outcomes during ageing. We examined associations of IGF1, IGFBP1 and IGFBP3 with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older men.

Elevated LH predicts ischaemic heart disease events in older men: the Health in Men Study.

Context: Hypogonadism in men is associated with insulin resistance, elevations in pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibrinogen, and an atherogenic lipid profile. However, it is uncertain whether the age-related decline in testosterone is associated with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) events.

Objective: To determine whether testosterone and its associated hormones, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and LH, predict IHD events in older men.

Prevalence of sexual activity and associated factors in men aged 75 to 95 years: a cohort study.

Background: Knowledge about sexuality in elderly persons is limited, and normative data are lacking.

Objective: To determine the proportion of older men who are sexually active and to explore factors predictive of sexual activity.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Alcohol use and mortality in older men and women.

Aims: To compare the effect of alcohol intake on 10-year mortality for men and women over the age of 65 years.

Design, Setting And Participants: Two prospective cohorts of community-dwelling men aged 65-79 years at baseline in 1996 (n = 11 727) and women aged 70-75 years in 1996 (n = 12 432).

Measurements: Alcohol was assessed according to frequency of use (number of days alcohol was consumed per week) and quantity consumed per day.

Reduced serum total osteocalcin is associated with metabolic syndrome in older men via waist circumference, hyperglycemia, and triglyceride levels.

Objective: Bone-derived undercarboxylated osteocalcin regulates insulin secretion and sensitivity in mice, and reduced serum total osteocalcin (TOC) is associated with diabetes in humans. However, the relationship between TOC levels and other cardiovascular risk factors is uncertain. We sought to determine whether serum TOC is associated with metabolic syndrome and its components in older men.

Use of the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register for vaccine safety data linkage.

We linked the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) to South Australian (SA) hospital outcome data in order to evaluate the association between Measles Mumps and Rubella (MMR) and Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis (DTP) vaccines and convulsions. Linkage occurred using probabilistic matching and data was analysed using the self-controlled case series methodology. An increase in febrile convulsions 6-11 days post-MMR vaccination was demonstrated which equates to a vaccine-attributable risk of 1 convulsion per 6753 vaccines.

Low free testosterone predicts frailty in older men: the health in men study.

Context: The prevalence of frailty increases, whereas testosterone decreases, as men age. Low testosterone may be a risk factor for development of this syndrome.

Objective: Our objective was to determine whether testosterone levels are associated with frailty.