The impact of pediatric post-cardiac arrest care on survival: A multicenter review from the AHA get with the Guidelines®-resuscitation post-cardiac arrest care registry.

Aim: Adherence to post-cardiac arrest care (PCAC) recommendations is associated with improved outcomes for adults. We aimed to describe the survival impact of meeting American Heart Association (AHA) PCAC guidelines in children after cardiac arrest.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using Get With The Guidelines® Resuscitation's (GWTG®-R) registry to describe the PCAC of patients ≤ 18 years old who suffered an in-hospital or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA or OHCA).

Case Study: Compatibility Testing of Pre-Filled Syringe Stopper Technology with Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide Terminal Sterilization Process.

STERIS and W.L. GORE collaborated on a case study testing the compatibility of a new prefilled syringe plunger design with VHP terminal sterilization.

Epinephrine Dosing Intervals Are Associated With Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcomes: A Multicenter Study.

Objectives: Data to support epinephrine dosing intervals during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are conflicting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between epinephrine dosing intervals and outcomes. We hypothesized that dosing intervals less than 3 minutes would be associated with improved neurologic survival compared with greater than or equal to 3 minutes.

Invasive Multimodality Neuromonitoring to Manage Cerebral Edema in Pediatric Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease.

Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory disorder of the CNS with a variety of clinical manifestations, including cerebral edema.

Case Summary: A 7-year-old boy presented with headaches, nausea, and somnolence. He was found to have cerebral edema that progressed to brainstem herniation.

Dramatic Response to Anti-IL-6 Receptor Therapy in Children With Life-Threatening Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Associated Disease.

Objectives: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an immune-mediated neuroinflammatory disorder leading to demyelination of the CNS. Interleukin (IL)-6 receptor blockade is under study in relapsing MOGAD as a preventative strategy, but little is known about the role of such treatment for acute MOGAD attacks.

Methods: We discuss the cases of a 7-year-old boy and a 15-year-old adolescent boy with severe acute CNS demyelination and malignant cerebral edema with early brain herniation associated with clearly positive serum titers of MOG-IgG, whose symptoms were incompletely responsive to standard acute therapies (high-dose steroids, IV immunoglobulins (IVIGs), and therapeutic plasma exchange).

Clinician-reported physiologic monitoring of cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality during pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest: A propensity-weighted cohort study.

Aims: The primary objective was to determine the association between clinician-reported use of end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) to monitor cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality during pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest (pIHCA) and survival outcomes.

Design: A retrospective cohort study was performed in two cohorts: (1) Patients with an invasive airway in place at the time of arrest to evaluate ETCO2 use, and (2) patients with an arterial line in place at the time of arrest to evaluate DBP use. The primary exposure was clinician-reported use of ETCO2 or DBP.

Weight-Based Versus Flat Dosing of Epinephrine During Cardiac Arrest in the PICU: A Multicenter Survey.

Objectives: Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) guidelines include weight-based epinephrine dosing recommendations of 0.01 mg/kg with a maximum of 1 mg, which corresponds to a weight of 100 kg. Actual practice patterns are unknown.

The Effect of Epinephrine Dosing Intervals on Outcomes from Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Animal studies of cardiac arrest suggest that shorter epinephrine dosing intervals than currently recommended (every 3-5 min) may be beneficial in select circumstances. To evaluate the association between epinephrine dosing intervals and pediatric cardiac arrest outcomes. Single-center retrospective cohort study of children (<18 years of age) who received ⩾1 minute of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and ⩾2 doses of epinephrine for an index in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Will jurors correct for evidence interdependence in their verdicts? It depends.

Throughout an investigation, pieces of evidence are likely to contaminate one another, yet at trial jurors are expected to treat pieces of evidence as if they are independent. Are jurors able to understand potential evidence contamination? The present study showed mock jurors a videotaped trial simulation. Participants were randomly assigned to hear testimony regarding one piece of evidence, two pieces of independent evidence, or two pieces of interdependent evidence.

Variation in the Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Isolates in a Pig, Within a Batch of Pigs, and Among Batches of Pigs from One Farm.

Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial porcine respiratory pathogens has been shown to exist in many countries. However, little is known about the variability in antimicrobial susceptibility within a population of a single bacterial respiratory pathogen on a pig farm. This study examined the antimicrobial susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae using multiple isolates within a pig and across the pigs in three different slaughter batches.

Use of a proposed antimicrobial susceptibility testing method for Haemophilus parasuis.

The aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial susceptibility of 97 Haemophilus parasuis cultured from Australian pigs. As there is no existing standard antimicrobial susceptibility technique available for H. parasuis, methods utilising the supplemented media, BA/SN for disc diffusion and test medium broth (TMB) for a microdilution technique, were initially evaluated with the reference strains recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.

Investigation of the microbial metabolism of carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the kangaroo foregut by stable isotope probing.

Kangaroos ferment forage material in an enlarged forestomach analogous to the rumen, but in contrast to ruminants, they produce little or no methane. The objective of this study was to identify the dominant organisms and pathways involved in hydrogenotrophy in the kangaroo forestomach, with the broader aim of understanding how these processes are able to predominate over methanogenesis. Stable isotope analysis of fermentation end products and RNA stable isotope probing (RNA-SIP) were used to investigate the organisms and biochemical pathways involved in the metabolism of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the kangaroo forestomach.

Shedding light on the microbial community of the macropod foregut using 454-amplicon pyrosequencing.

Twenty macropods from five locations in Queensland, Australia, grazing on a variety of native pastures were surveyed and the bacterial community of the foregut was examined using 454-amplicon pyrosequencing. Specifically, the V3/V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was examined. A total of 5040 OTUs were identified in the data set (post filtering).

R5X4 HIV-1 coreceptor use in primary target cells: implications for coreceptor entry blocking strategies.

Entry coreceptor use by HIV-1 plays a pivotal role in viral transmission, pathogenesis and disease progression. In many HIV-1 infected individuals, there is an expansion in coreceptor use from CCR5 to include CXCR4, which is associated with accelerated disease progression. While targeting HIV-1 envelope interactions with coreceptor during viral entry is an appealing approach to combat the virus, the methods of determining coreceptor use and the changes in coreceptor use that can occur during disease progression are important factors that may complicate the use of therapies targeting this stage of HIV-1 replication.

Constrained use of CCR5 on CD4+ lymphocytes by R5X4 HIV-1: efficiency of Env-CCR5 interactions and low CCR5 expression determine a range of restricted CCR5-mediated entry.

R5X4 HIV-1 has impaired utilization of CCR5 on primary CD4+ lymphocytes but the mechanisms responsible are not well defined. Using a panel of diverse R5X4 Envs we identified a spectrum of CCR5 use on CD4+ lymphocytes. Greater lymphocyte CCR5 use correlated with relative resistance to CCR5 mAbs and small molecule antagonists.

Outcomes of a home telehealth intervention for patients with heart failure.

We evaluated the efficacy of two telehealth applications, delivered by telephone and videophone, for improving outcomes of patients following hospital discharge for an acute exacerbation of heart failure. The outcomes measured were patient self-efficacy, satisfaction with care and knowledge of and compliance with prescribed medications. At hospital discharge, patients were randomly assigned to either control (usual care), telephone or videophone groups.

Evaluation of home telehealth following hospitalization for heart failure: a randomized trial.

Previous studies have found that home-based intervention programs reduce readmission rates for patients with heart failure. Only one previous trial has compared telephone and videophone to traditional care to deliver a home-based heart failure intervention program. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a telehealth-facilitated postdischarge support program in reducing resource use in patients with heart failure.

Monocyte migration and LFA-1-mediated attachment to brain microvascular endothelia is regulated by SDF-1 alpha through Lyn kinase.

Infiltration of activated monocytes into the brain is a prerequisite for the development of various neurological disorders such as HIV-associated dementia, multiple sclerosis, and other inflammatory processes. In these pathologies, the chemokine SDF-1alpha (CXCL12) is over-expressed and might attract monocytes into the CNS. We demonstrate here that SDF-1alpha stimulates migration of monocytes through its receptor, CXCR4, and decreases monocyte adherence to surfaces coated with ICAM-1, a ligand for beta(2) integrins.

Nurse and patient communication profiles in a home-based telehealth intervention for heart failure management.

Objective: This study compared differences in nurse and patient communication profiles between two telehealth modes: telephone and videophone, and evaluated longitudinal changes in communication, nurse perceptions, and patient satisfaction.

Methods: Subjects were enrolled in a randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating a 90-day home-based intervention for heart failure. Telephone (n=14) and videophone (n=14) interactions were audio taped and analyzed using the Roter Interaction Analysis System.

Severe feto-placental abnormalities precede the onset of hypertension and proteinuria in a mouse model of preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia is a prevalent and potentially devastating disorder of pregnancy. Characterized by a sudden spike in blood pressure and urinary protein levels, it is associated with significant obstetric complications. BPH/5 is an inbred mouse model of preeclampsia with borderline hypertension before pregnancy.