Associations between Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and Behavioral Problems in Preschool Japanese Children.

Background: A few studies related to pediatric behavior have measured secondhand smoke exposure in children using valid objective biochemical markers. We aimed at investigating the associations between current and cumulative exposure to tobacco smoke, measured both subjectively and objectively, and behavioral problems in children.

Methods: Subjects were 437 Japanese children, aged 3-6 years in 2006.

Intake of starch and sugars and total and cause-specific mortality in a Japanese community: the Takayama Study.

Studies on the intake of different types of carbohydrates and long-term mortality are sparse. We examined the association of starch, total and each type of sugar and free sugars with the risk of total and cause-specific mortality in a cohort of the general population in Japan. Study subjects were 29 079 residents from the Takayama Study, Japan, who responded to a self-administered questionnaire in 1992.

Associations of Cell Phone Use and Screen Viewing with Overweight in Children.

Effects of using mobile devices on childhood obesity have not been well studied. We aimed to ascertain whether cell phone use and screen viewing are associated with excess body weight in a cross-sectional study of Japanese school children. Subjects were 3141 students, ages 6 to 7 years, who participated in the Hekinan Children's Study conducted during 2011-2015.

Dietary Soy Intake Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Women but Not in Men.

Background: Whole soy foods, as well as their components, including protein and isoflavones, have garnered attention because they may have beneficial effects against diabetes.

Objectives: We examined associations between the intake of soy foods, soy protein, and soy isoflavones and the risk of diabetes in the Japanese population.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 13,521 residents (5883 men and 7638 women; 35-69 y old) of Takayama City, Japan.

Association between exposure to household smoking and dental caries in preschool children: a cross-sectional study.

Background: We aimed to examine the association of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke with dental caries among preschool children. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was assessed in terms of urinary cotinine concentrations and pack-years of exposure to smoking by parents and other family members at home.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 405 preschool children aged 3-6 years from two preschools in Japan in 2006.

Coffee, Green Tea, and Caffeine Intake and Liver Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study.

We aimed to investigate whether coffee, green tea, and caffeine intake are associated with liver cancer risk, using data of a prospective cohort study. This study included 30,824 participants (14,240 men and 16,584 women) aged 35 years or older in the Takayama study, which was launched on September 1, 1992. The consumption frequencies of coffee and green tea were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire.

Maternal Acrylamide Intake during Pregnancy and Sex Hormone Levels in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood and Birth Size of Offspring.

Exposure to acrylamide during pregnancy may disturb pregnancy hormones and the growth of the fetus. The present study aimed to examine the association of maternal acrylamide intake with maternal and cord sex hormone levels during pregnancy and at birth and birth size of offspring. The study subjects were 204 pregnant Japanese women and their newborn girls.

The Hekinan Children's Study: Design and Profile of Participants at Baseline.

Background: The early life environment is now recognized as a key factor contributing to susceptibility to certain diseases in later life.

Methods: We initiated a cohort study among school children in 2011 to primarily investigate the associations between lifestyle and environmental factors and some surrogate markers of chronic diseases, such as cardiometabolic risk factors (ie, obesity, high blood pressure, high blood glucose, insulin, or lipids) and cancer risk factors (ie, height and age at menarche). A baseline questionnaire asked for information, including demographic variables, medical history and use of medication, dietary habits, physical activity, sleep habits, and behavioral and emotional problems of children.

Soy Isoflavone Intake and Bladder Cancer Risk in Japan: From the Takayama Study.

There is growing evidence suggesting that soy isoflavones play a protective role in the development of cancer. However, few epidemiological studies have investigated the association between soy isoflavone intake and bladder cancer. We evaluated the associations of soy and isoflavone intakes with bladder cancer incidence in a population-based prospective study in Japan.

Cedar Pollinosis and Mortality: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study in Japan.

Background: Cedar pollinosis is one of the most prevalent forms of seasonal allergic reaction in Japan. Only one prospective study has examined the association between cedar pollinosis and mortality. Using a symptom-based questionnaire on cedar pollinosis, we investigated the association of cedar pollinosis with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Associations of Acrylamide Intake With Urinary Sex Hormone Levels Among Preschool-Age Japanese Children.

Acrylamide may affect the sex hormone system in the prepubertal period. This study examined the cross-sectional associations between dietary acrylamide intake and sex hormone levels among preschool-age Japanese children. The study was conducted in 2006 among 230 boys and 198 girls aged 3-6 years in Aichi, Japan.

Sleep duration, nightshift work, and the timing of meals and urinary levels of 8-isoprostane and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in Japanese women.

It has been hypothesized that disruption of circadian rhythms affects human health. Shift work and sleep deprivation are thought to disrupt the normal light-dark cycle, although the disruption due to shiftwork may be dependent on sleep deprivation. Both conditions have been suggested to be associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders.

Association of alcohol consumption with the risk of stomach cancer in a Japanese population: a prospective cohort study.

Biological studies have provided confirmation of alcohol-related carcinogenesis in the stomach, but the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of stomach cancer remains controversial. We aimed to investigate whether quantitative alcohol intake is associated with the risk of stomach cancer in a large prospective cohort study among a Japanese population. Study participants included 30 714 participants (14 171 men and 16 543 women) aged 35 years or older, who were enrolled in the Takayama study launched on 1 September 1992.

Meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk in Japan: The Takayama study.

Compared with the abundant data from Western countries, evidence regarding meat consumption and colorectal cancer is limited in the Japanese population. We evaluated colorectal cancer risk in relation to meat consumption in a population-based prospective cohort study in Japan. Participants were 13 957 men and 16 374 women aged ≥35 years in September 1992.

Hot-cold foods in diet and all-cause mortality in a Japanese community: the Takayama study.

Purpose: In the field of traditional Chinese medicine, foods are grouped as cold or hot, and the balance of hot and cold food intake is considered vital to good health. We aimed to examine prospectively whether hot-cold food intake as well as ratio of hot-to-cold foods is associated with all-cause mortality in a general population.

Methods: A total of 28,356 residents of Takayama City, Japan (response rate: 85.

Dietary soy and natto intake and cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese adults: the Takayama study.

Background: Whether soy intake is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. A traditional Japanese soy food, natto, contains a potent fibrinolytic enzyme. However, its relation to CVD has not been studied.

Associations of urinary cadmium with circulating sex hormone levels in pre- and postmenopausal Japanese women.

Background: Exposure to cadmium has been suspected as a risk factor for breast cancer. The present study examined the associations between urinary cadmium levels and circulating sex hormone levels that are linked to breast cancer risk in healthy women.

Methods: The study subjects were 396 premenopausal Japanese women who had regular menstrual cycles less than 40 days long and 207 postmenopausal Japanese women.

Relationship of equol production between children aged 5-7 years and their mothers.

Purpose: The factors responsible for the production of isoflavone metabolites have not yet been identified. We aimed to examine the relationships of equol production between mother and child in a birth cohort in Japan.

Methods: Subjects were a part of the participants in a longitudinal study on pregnant women and their offspring.

Alcohol Intake During Pregnancy and Offspring's Atopic Eczema Risk.

Background: Although alcohol consumption has been suggested to have an effect on the immune system, it is unknown whether alcohol consumption has a role in developing allergic diseases. We aimed to examine the associations of total alcohol intake during pregnancy with the risks of childhood asthma and atopic eczema in a birth cohort in Japan.

Methods: Pregnant women were recruited at a maternal clinic from May 2000 to October 2001.

Dietary magnesium intake and the risk of diabetes in the Japanese community: results from the Takayama study.

Purpose: Several experimental studies showed that magnesium intake improved insulin resistance and glucose uptake in diabetes patients. However, epidemiological studies on the association between magnesium intake and diabetes risk have yielded inconsistent results. We investigated whether magnesium intake is related to the risk of developing diabetes in a population-based cohort study in Japan.

Sleep Duration and the Risk of Mortality From Stroke in Japan: The Takayama Cohort Study.

Background: Few studies have assessed the associations between sleep duration and stroke subtypes. We examined whether sleep duration is associated with mortality from total stroke, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke in a population-based cohort of Japanese men and women.

Methods: Subjects included 12 875 men and 15 021 women aged 35 years or older in 1992, who were followed until 2008.

Choline and Betaine Intakes Are Not Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Risk in Japanese Men and Women.

Background: Dietary intakes of betaine and choline may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease; however, epidemiologic evidence is limited. Seafood is a rich source of betaine and is a popular traditional food in Japan.

Objective: We examined the associations of betaine and choline intakes with cardiovascular disease mortality in a population-based cohort study in Japan.

Dietary intakes of glutamic acid and glycine are associated with stroke mortality in Japanese adults.

Background: Dietary intakes of glutamic acid and glycine have been reported to be associated with blood pressure. However, the link between intakes of these amino acids and stroke has not been studied.

Objective: We aimed to examine the association between glutamic acid and glycine intakes and the risk of mortality from stroke in a population-based cohort study in Japan.

Soy isoflavone intake and stomach cancer risk in Japan: From the Takayama study.

Although several experimental studies suggested that soy isoflavone intake inhibits the growth of stomach cancer, previous epidemiological studies have observed inconsistent results. We evaluated the associations of soy or isoflavone intake with stomach cancer incidence after considering several lifestyle factors, including salt intake, in a population-based prospective cohort study in Japan. Subjects were 14,219 men and 16,573 women aged 35 years or older in September 1992.

Associations of acrylamide intake with circulating levels of sex hormones and prolactin in premenopausal Japanese women.

Background: It has been hypothesized that alteration of hormone systems is involved in the carcinogenesis of acrylamide. The aim of the present study was to examine the cross-sectional associations between dietary acrylamide intake and sex hormone levels in premenopausal Japanese women.

Methods: Study subjects were 393 women who had regular menstrual cycles less than 40 days long.