Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection dynamics in naïve replacement gilts introduced to positive farms.

This study was designed to characterize the dynamics of infection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in naïve replacement gilts after introduction to positive systems. Ninety-eight naïve gilts were monitored in three positive commercial farms (A, B, and C). The näive gilts were housed for 21 days in pens adjacently located to older gilt cohorts (named seeders), which have been naturally exposed to the positive farms.

Monitoring of Pig Slaughter Stages and Correlation in the Prevalence of Pathogens and Levels of Microorganisms That Indicate Microbiological Quality and Hygiene Using a Predictive Model.

Pig production is relevant to the Brazilian economy. Different stages of the raising and slaughtering process influence the microbiological quality of pig products and by-products. Microbiological analysis and hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCPs) are tools for monitoring microbiological quality indicator microorganisms.

Microbiological Quality of Pig Carcasses in a Slaughterhouse under Risk-Based Inspection System.

Meat product inspection is one of the procedures adopted more than a century ago to guarantee food quality and safety for consumption. Due to technology and regulation advancement for farming and slaughtering pigs, a change in zoonotic profile attributed to pork has been identified. Thus, a global movement began to establish inspection parameters based on epidemiological risk profiles, culminating in the publication of a new regulation in Brazil in 2018.

Different Swine Production Systems Can Shape Slurry Resistome at Mechanism and Class Levels Based on Swine Manure Evaluation.

Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to public health. Antimicrobial use in animal husbandry is a major concern since it can favor an increase in antimicrobial resistance among farms. Herein, we aim to better understand and characterize the main resistome profiles in microbial communities found in pig farms.

Removal or substitution of in feed antimicrobials in swine production.

Antimicrobial substitutes are being used in pig production systems, to maintain the health of the animals without compromising their performance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of either the removal of in feed antimicrobials or their substitution for feed additives, at the nursery and growing/finishing stages. At weaning, 1091 piglets were sexed, vaccinated, homogenized by weight and allocated to six treatments during the nursery stage (26-63 d): T1- feed with no antimicrobials nor additives; T2 - feed with antimicrobials; T3 - feed with prebiotic; T4 - feed with probiotic; T5 - feed with essential oils; T6 - feed with organic acids.

Phylogenetic relationship and genomic characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from swine in Brazil.

Salmonella Typhimurium has been transmitted between humans and animals. Although, Brazil has been one of the largest pork meat exporters worldwide, there are few studies that characterized epidemiologically S. Typhimurium strains from swine.

Antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolated from pigs subjected to different antimicrobial administration protocols.

The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human and animal pathogens is a global concern, and antimicrobial use (AMU) is considered the most important driver for its increase. The aim of this study was to assess AMR in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in faecal samples of pigs subjected to four different AMU protocols from birth to finishing: G1, no in-feed antimicrobials; G2: a total average dose 6018 mg antimicrobials/pig; G3: a total average dose 8127 mg antimicrobials/pig; and G4: a total average dose 15,678 mg antimicrobials/pig.

Effect of gaseous ozone application during chilling on microbial and quality attributes of pig carcasses.

Ozone application has been suggested as an additional measure to the slaughter animals under hygiene programs. In this study, we determined the efficacy of gaseous ozone applied to pig carcasses during chilling (16 h at 2-5°C). Forty carcasses were allocated to each treatment: control, without ozone application (T1) and 5 ppm gaseous ozone application (T2), divided in two 4-h periods.

Re-Emergence of Salmonellosis in Hog Farms: Outbreak and Bacteriological Characterization.

Clinical salmonellosis has been increasing significantly in Brazil in recent years. A total of 130 outbreaks distributed among 10 swine-producing states were investigated. One representative isolate from each outbreak was characterized through serotyping, antimicrobial resistance profiles, PFGE, and WGS.

Insights about the epidemiology of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from different sources in Brazil using comparative genomics.

Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is an important zoonotic agent worldwide.

Detection of specific antibody in swine oral fluids.

is a leading cause of bacterial foodborne-related illness and pork products are a food-associated source. With > 50% of U.S.

Comparison of Meat Juice Serology and Bacteriology for Surveillance of in the Brazilian Pork Production Chain.

This study assessed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based assay to detect in swine as a potential tool to predict the presence of in swine carcasses. The following samples were collected from 10 swine batches: blood ( = 100); environment (barn floor,  = 10, and lairage floor,  = 10); meat juice ( = 100, obtained after defrosting of diaphragm); tonsils ( = 100); mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) ( = 100); and carcasses after bleeding ( = 100), after singeing ( = 100), after evisceration ( = 100), and after final rinsing ( = 100). Blood and meat juice were subjected to ELISA to detect antibodies against , and other samples were subjected to detection by ISO 6579.

Synthetic gene as target to assess the sensitivity of PCR to detect Trichinella spp. larvae in meat from a non-endemic region.

Trichinellosis is a zoonotic disease exotic in Brazil but commonly found worldwide including South American countries like Argentina. International trading of swine meat needs an official Trichinella-free diagnosis commonly carried out by pepsin-HCl digestion of diaphragm tissue fragments followed by microscopic examination for the presence or absence of Trichinella larvae. The easiness of this diagnostic method allows it to be performed at slaughtering plants but, in contrast, it lacks sensitivity and does not allow species differentiation, which is fundamental for determining geographical and species distribution of different genotypes.

Pathogenic variability among Pasteurella multocida type A isolates from Brazilian pig farms.

Background: Pasteurella multocida type A (PmA) is considered a secondary agent of pneumonia in pigs. The role of PmA as a primary pathogen was investigated by challenging pigs with eight field strains isolated from pneumonia and serositis in six Brazilian states. Eight groups of eight pigs each were intranasally inoculated with different strains of PmA (1.

Modulation of porcine microRNAs associated with apoptosis and NF-κB signaling pathways in response to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate eukaryotic gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In addition to their involvement in a variety of biological processes, miRNAs are implicated in the eukaryotic response to bacterial pathogens. The objective of this study was to identify miRNAs involved in the regulation of the porcine response to the human foodborne pathogen, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.

Draft Genome Sequences of 20 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strains Isolated from Swine in Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Salmonellosis is a disease with a high incidence worldwide, and subsp. serovar Typhimurium is one of the most clinically important serovars. We report here the draft genome sequences of 20 Typhimurium strains isolated from swine in Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Salmonella DIVA vaccine reduces disease, colonization and shedding due to virulent S. Typhimurium infection in swine.

Purpose: Non-host-adapted Salmonella serovars, including the common human food-borne pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), are opportunistic pathogens that can colonize food-producing animals without causing overt disease. Interventions against Salmonella are needed to enhance food safety, protect animal health and allow the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA).

Effect of slaughterhouse and day of sample on the probability of a pig carcass being Salmonella-positive according to the Enterobacteriaceae count in the largest Brazilian pork production region.

Sources of contamination of carcasses during slaughter include infected pigs as well as environmentally related sources. There are many microbial indicators that can be used in the processing of food to assess food hygiene and the safety of food processing. The presence of some microbial indicators can be viewed as a result of direct or indirect contamination of a food with fecal material.

Virulence-associated genes, antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from swine from 2000 to 2012 in Brazil.

Aims: The aims of this study were to assess the pathogenic potential, antimicrobial resistance and genotypic diversity of Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated in Brazil from swine (22) and the surrounding swine environment (5) from 2000 to 2012 and compare them to the profiles of 43 human strains isolated from 1983 to 2010, which had been previously studied.

Methods And Results: The presence of 12 SPI-1, SPI-2 and plasmid genes was assessed by PCR, the antimicrobial susceptibility to 13 antimicrobials was determined by the disc diffusion assay and genotyping was performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multiple-locus variable-number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) and ERIC-PCR. More than 77·8% of the swine strains carried 10 or more of the virulence markers.

A DIVA vaccine for cross-protection against Salmonella.

Swine are often asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella spp., a leading cause of human bacterial foodborne disease. Vaccination against Salmonella is effective for protecting animal health and enhancing food safety.

TLR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with Salmonella shedding in pigs.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a key factor in the innate immune recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria. Previous studies from our group identified differences in the expression profile of TLR4 and genes affected by the TLR4 signaling pathway among pigs that shed varying levels of Salmonella, a Gram-negative bacterium. Therefore, genetic variation in this gene may be involved with the host's immune response to bacterial infections.

Utility of specific biomarkers to assess safety of swine manure for biofertilizing purposes.

Swine production is an important economic activity in Brazil, and there is interest in the development of clean production mechanisms to support sustainable agro-industrial activities. The biomass derived from swine manure has good potential to be used as a biofertilizer due to its high nutrient concentration. However, the land application of manure should be based on safety parameters such as the presence of pathogens that can potentially infect animals and people.

An rfaH Mutant of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium is Attenuated in Swine and Reduces Intestinal Colonization, Fecal Shedding, and Disease Severity Due to Virulent Salmonella Typhimurium.

Swine are often asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella spp., and interventions are needed to limit colonization of swine to enhance food safety and reduce environmental contamination. We evaluated the attenuation and potential vaccine use in pigs of a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium mutant of rfaH, the gene encoding the RfaH antiterminator that prevents premature termination of long mRNA transcripts.

Salmonella and antimicrobial resistance in an animal-based agriculture river system.

The aim of this study was to examine the Salmonella serovars and antimicrobial resistance within an animal-based agriculture river system. The study area consisted of a 1,345 ha upper part of Pinhal catchment. A total of 384 samples were collected in four years of monitoring.

Polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) is required for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium colonization in swine.

The pnp gene encodes polynucleotide phosphorylase, an exoribonuclease involved in RNA processing and degradation. A mutation in the pnp gene was previously identified by our group in a signature-tagged mutagenesis screen designed to search for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium genes required for survival in an ex vivo swine stomach content assay. In the current study, attenuation and colonization potential of a S.