Assessment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Level of Risk of Fibrosis in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Individuals.

Background and aim Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now known as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is more common in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than in people without diabetes mellitus (non-DM). This disease can lead to cirrhosis or hepatic cancer. There is limited data on NAFLD prevalence and the level of risk of fibrosis in Bangladeshi individuals.

Income Elasticity of Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Expenditure for Different Provider Types in Bangladesh.

The impact of income on health expenditure has been studied extensively using national-level data; however, studies estimating the household-level income elasticity of health expenditure, particularly by provider types, remain limited. Analysing nationally representative household survey data, we examine outpatient and inpatient out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses across healthcare providers and by various income levels. We employed the Heckman two-step model and OLS regression to estimate income elasticity separately for outpatient and inpatient services.

Assessment of the protective effect of vitamin E supplementation on oxidative damage of diabetic rat spleen induced by streptozotocin.

Aims: Increased oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus may lead to splenic damage, contributing to decreased immunity. This study aims to evaluate the potential of vitamin E supplements as a protective agent against spleen injury by examining physiological, hematological, biochemical, and histological changes in diabetic rat model.

Methods: Diabetes was induced in male wistar albino rats through an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg Streptozotocin, and the rats were randomly divided into five groups.

The Effectiveness of Adequate Antenatal Care in Reducing Adverse Perinatal Outcomes: Evidence From a Low- or Middle-Income Country.

Background and aim Antenatal care (ANC) is universally acknowledged as an essential intervention for enhancing the well-being of both mothers and children. The World Health Organization advises a minimum of four ANC visits. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of adequate ANC in mitigating adverse perinatal outcomes.

RNAi-Based Therapy: Combating Shrimp Viral Diseases.

Shrimp aquaculture has become a vital industry, meeting the growing global demand for seafood. Shrimp viral diseases have posed significant challenges to the aquaculture industry, causing major economic losses worldwide. Conventional treatment methods have proven to be ineffective in controlling these diseases.

Access to a dementia-friendly garden on behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, falls and psychotropic medication use in residents of an aged care home in Melbourne, Australia.

Objective: Residents of care homes need access to outdoors. This may improve behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and quality of life in residents living with dementia. Barriers including lack of accessibility and increased falls risk, which may be mitigated using dementia-friendly design.

Bioactive properties and organosulfur compounds profiling of newly developed garlic varieties of Bangladesh.

Studies are being carried out on achieving the maximum quality of garlic through various approaches. In Bangladesh, new garlic varieties (BARI 1-4, BAU-1, BAU-2, BAU-5) have been recently developed by artificial selection to enhance their quality. The present study aimed to evaluate their potency in terms of bioactive properties and organosulfur compounds content using different bioassay and GC-MS techniques while comparing them with other accessible varieties (Chinese, Indian, Local).

Unusual cause of large intrathoracic mass in a young male of Bangladesh: A case report of giant intrathoracic lipoma & literature review.

Introduction: Lipoma in the thoracic cavity is very rare, unlike any subcutaneous lipoma, and can often grow very large without showing any symptoms.

Case: We report a 42-year-old man having giant intrathoracic lipoma which was found incidentally during routine checkup and the first documented case of the such type in Bangladesh. This benign tumor occupied almost the entire left hemithorax, and it was resected successfully by thoracotomy.

One Health collaborations for zoonotic disease control in Ethiopia.

Zoonotic diseases require a One Health approach for successful control and elimination due to the nature of their transmission between animals and humans. One Health recognises that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are all interconnected. Ethiopia has committed itself to controlling five prioritised zoonotic diseases (rabies, anthrax, brucellosis, leptospirosis and echinococcosis), using a One Health approach.

Maternal outcomes in subsequent delivery after previous obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI): a multi-centre retrospective cohort study.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Women with a history of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) are at increased risk of recurrence (rOASI) at subsequent delivery; however, evidence regarding the factors influencing this risk is limited. Furthermore, little is known about what factors influence the decision to alternatively deliver by elective caesarean section (ELLSCS).

Methods: Retrospective univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of prospectively collected data from four NHS electronic maternity databases including primiparous women sustaining OASIS during a singleton, term, cephalic, vaginal delivery between 2004 and 2015, who had a subsequent delivery.

Green synthesis of bio-molecule encapsulated magnetic silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity.

Persuaded by the necessity of finding new sources of antibiotics, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized by adopting a newly developed green synthesis technique and subsequently, their antibacterial activity against different pathogenic bacteria was evaluated. We have successfully synthesized bio-molecule capped ferromagnetic Ag NPs with an average crystallite size of 13 nm using AgNO solution as a precursor and leaf extract as a reducing and capping agent. The characterization of the synthesized Ag NPs was carried out using various techniques such as UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetry (TG), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analyses.

A biography of William Tuke (1732-1822): Founder of the modern mental asylum.

William Tuke was a 19th-century reformist and philanthropist notable for his work in mental health. He was known for his strict self-discipline and judicious manner. He was also a firm believer in the Quaker faith and actively supported the group and employed many of their principles in his work, especially in his chef d'oeuvre, The Retreat, established in 1792, a mental asylum in York.

Skin injuries identified in cattle and water buffaloes at livestock markets in Bangladesh.

Skin injuries were assessed in 560 imported and local cattle and water buffaloes at two livestock markets in Bangladesh. The body of each animal was divided into 11 anatomical regions, and abrasions, lacerations, penetrations, ulcerations, bleeding, swelling, hyperkeratosis and scars were recorded for each region. Among the 560 animals studied, 501 were found to have at least one injury.

Public services from the European Bioinformatics Institute.

The European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) provides numerous free-of-charge, publicly available bioinformatics services that can be divided into the following categories: ftp downloads; data submissions processing and biological database production; access to query; analysis and retrieval systems and tools; user support; training and education and industry support through EBI's SME program. These services are all available at the website. It is imperative that EBI's data as well as the tools to analyse it efficiently are made available in a free and unambiguous way to the scientific community.

WU-Blast2 server at the European Bioinformatics Institute.

Since 1995, the WU-BLAST programs (http://blast.wustl.edu) have provided a fast, flexible and reliable method for similarity searching of biological sequence databases.

The European Bioinformatics Institute web site: a new view.

Summary: The European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), and outstation of the European Molecular Biology laboratory, has revamped its web site for the second time since 1997 in order to address increased user demand as well as establishing better uniformity and easier accessibility for the ever growing number of users and services it offers to the community. A GRID-like hardware infrastructure has been put in place to provide round the clock services in a redundant and reliable fashion.

Availability: http://www.

A bacteriological profile of bottled water sold in Bangladesh.

Four different brands of bottled water had counts of aerobic bacteria ranging from 10(3) to 10(6) colony forming units/100 ml. Pathogens isolated includedPseudomonas (in all brands),Alcaligenes andEscherichia coli (each in three brands), andKlebsiella, Enterobacter andShigella (each in two brands). All four brands were judged to be unsatisfactory by accepted health standards.