Estimates of effective dose to pediatric patients undergoing enteric and venous access procedures.

Purpose: To determine the range of effective doses encountered during common enteric and venous access procedures by using a method to estimate effective dose based on fluoroscopy time.

Materials And Methods: A pediatric phantom and metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor model was used to calculate effective doses associated with nine enteric and venous access procedures involving fluoroscopy only. Enteric procedures included primary gastrostomy, gastrojejunostomy, cecostomy tube insertions, and their "maintenance procedures" (eg, tube checks and changes, reinsertions, and exchanges).