Publications by authors named "Kiang Liu"

Article Synopsis
  • The study focused on cardiovascular health among Chinese American immigrants in the MESA cohort, analyzing data from 746 participants over a median follow-up of 17.8 years.
  • Results indicated that longer residence in the U.S. is linked to a greater risk of cardiovascular disease death, while geographical differences showed varying survival probabilities between immigrants in Los Angeles and Chicago.
  • Key risk factors identified included elevated levels of certain biomarkers and cardiac imaging results, with no significant impact from the time of immigration on cardiovascular outcomes.
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Aims: There are no studies on the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and incident heart failure (HF). This cohort study aimed to examine the associations of self-reported and urinary cotinine-assessed SHS exposure with incident HF.

Methods And Results: This study included 5548 non-active smoking participants aged 45-84 years and free of known cardiovascular diseases and HF at baseline who self-reported SHS exposure time in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) at baseline (2000-2002).

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Context: There are no reported data from prospective long-term studies on the relation of androgen levels in young women with development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) before menopause.

Objective: We investigated associations of androgens and SHBG with incident MetS during 23 years of follow-up.

Methods: We included 366 White and 375 Black women ages 20 to 32 years participating in the CARDIA study and CARDIA Women's study, free of MetS at baseline examination (1987-1988), and premenopausal 23 years later.

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Article Synopsis
  • Educational attainment is linked to cardiovascular health, and a large genomic study examined how it interacts with cholesterol and triglyceride levels in nearly 226,315 individuals across five population groups.
  • The study identified 18 new genetic variations related to lipid levels—nine for low-density lipoprotein (LDL), seven for high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and two for triglycerides (TG)—some of which interact with educational attainment.
  • Researchers also found five gene targets that potentially interact with FDA-approved drugs, suggesting a connection between genetics and drug responses related to lipid metabolism and overall health.
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Article Synopsis
  • This study investigated the link between cumulative BMI (cBMI) and the development of prediabetes in a cohort of Black and White individuals from young adulthood to middle age.
  • Over a 30-year period, nearly half of the participants developed prediabetes, with those who did having a significantly higher mean cBMI compared to those who didn't.
  • The results suggest that maintaining a healthy weight during young adulthood can help prevent the onset of prediabetes later in life, with a notable increase in risk occurring only after reaching a certain level of cBMI.
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. Chronic inflammation is associated with incident cardiovascular events. We study the association between biomarkers of inflammation and subclinical vascular dysfunction measured as proximal aortic stiffness.

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Background: The Pooled Cohort Equations (PCEs) are race- and sex-specific Cox proportional hazards (PH)-based models used for 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk prediction with acceptable discrimination. In recent years, neural network models have gained increasing popularity with their success in image recognition and text classification. Various survival neural network models have been proposed by combining survival analysis and neural network architecture to take advantage of the strengths from both.

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Background: There are multiple predictive factors for cardiovascular (CV) mortality measured at, or after heart failure (HF) diagnosis. However, the predictive role of long-term exposure to these predictors prior to HF diagnosis is unknown.

Objectives: We aim to identify predictive factors of CV mortality in participants with HF, using cumulative exposure to risk factors before HF development.

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Background: Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure may reduce heart rate variability and lead to atrial fibrillation (AF); however prior study findings have not been confirmed using objective measures for both SHS and AF events.

Methods: We prospectively examined the association between SHS exposure and incident AF in 5731 participants, ages of 45-84 years and free of known AF and other cardiovascular diseases (CVD) at baseline (2000-2002), who were followed through 2015 in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). SHS weekly exposure time was identified by self-report.

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The prognostic value of traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors may decrease with age. We sought to determine whether the association between traditional ASCVD risk factors and incident coronary artery calcium (CAC) differs for younger versus older persons. We included 5,108 participants with baseline CAC = 0.

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Importance: Abundant evidence links obesity with adverse health consequences. However, controversies persist regarding whether overweight status compared with normal body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) is associated with longer survival and whether this occurs at the expense of greater long-term morbidity and health care expenditures.

Objective: To examine the association of BMI in midlife with morbidity burden, longevity, and health care expenditures in adults 65 years and older.

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Background: Studies found associations between pulmonary function (PF) and cognition, but these are limited by mostly cross-sectional design and a single measure of PF (typically forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]). Our objective was to prospectively analyze the association of repeatedly measured PF with cognition.

Methods: We studied 3 499 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults cohort with cognition measured at year 25 (Y25) and Y30, and PF (FEV1 and forced vital capacity [FVC], reflecting better PF) measured up to 6 times from Y0 to Y20.

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Background: Different 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] thresholds for treatment with vitamin D supplementation have been suggested and are derived almost exclusively from observational studies. Whether other characteristics, including race/ethnicity, BMI, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), should also influence the threshold for treatment is unknown.

Objectives: The aim was to identify clinical and biomarker characteristics that modify the response to vitamin D supplementation.

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Objective: Determine sex differences in hypertension control by age group in a diverse cohort of adults age 45-84 years at baseline followed for an average of 12 years.

Methods: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis enrolled 3213 men and 3601 women from six communities in the U.S.

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Importance: The 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol recommends the use of risk-enhancing factor assessment and the selective use of coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring to guide the allocation of statin therapy among individuals with an intermediate risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Objective: To examine the association between risk-enhancing factors and incident ASCVD by CAC burden among those at intermediate risk of ASCVD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis is a multicenter population-based prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the US.

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Objective: Data are sparse regarding the impact of sodium and potassium intakes on serial blood pressure (BP) levels during long-term follow-up.

Methods: Among 1007 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults participants (mean age, 30.2 years; 53% blacks; 57% women) who had at least two 24-h urine samples collected at year 5 (Y5) examination, we assessed associations of urinary sodium and potassium excretions with BP trends and incident hypertension in the subsequent 25 years.

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Background It is unclear if statin therapy in midlife can restore low cardiovascular risk in hypercholesterolemic individuals. Methods and Results At baseline, we grouped 5687 MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) participants aged ≥50 years without clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) by Adult Treatment Panel III statin treatment recommendation and statin treatment status. We used Cox regression to compare the risks for coronary heart disease and CVD between the untreated group with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <100 mg/dL (reference) and other groups, adjusting for CVD risk factors.

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Background: The sudden urge to urinate, also known as overactive bladder (OAB), may reflect higher sympathetic activity and associate with higher blood pressure (BP).

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis utilized data from sixth follow-up exam (2015-2016) of Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis to examine the association of OAB with systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels, hypertension, and BP control. Information on urinary symptoms was obtained with the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ).

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Background NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) is widely used to diagnose and manage patients with heart failure. We aimed to investigate associations between NT-proBNP levels and development of global and regional myocardial impairment, dyssynchrony, and risk of developing myocardial scar over time. Methods and Results We included 2416 adults (45-84 years) without baseline clinical cardiovascular disease from MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis).

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The INdividual response to VITamin D (INVITe) trial was a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial of vitamin D supplementation (2000 IU daily) designed to determine clinical and genetic characteristics that modify the response to vitamin D supplementation. To enhance internal and external validity and reduce cost, the INVITe trial was nested within the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), an ongoing prospective observational cohort study. The INVITe trial enrolled a community-based population of 666 racially and ethnically diverse participants from January 2017 to April 2019.

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Background: Incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases with increasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration and exposure duration. Area under the LDL-C versus age curve is a possible risk parameter. Data-based demonstration of this metric is unavailable and whether the time course of area accumulation modulates risk is unknown.

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Purpose: We examined the association of race/ethnicity with urinary incontinence subtypes and overactive bladder, and associated bother in older men.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, an observational cohort of 4 racial/ethnic groups. At the sixth followup examination (age 60 to 98 years, 2015 to 2016) urinary symptoms were ascertained with the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire.

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