Primary Whole-gland Ablation for the Treatment of Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: A Focal Therapy Society Best Practice Statement.

Context: Whole-gland ablation is a feasible and effective minimally invasive treatment for localized prostate cancer (PCa). Previous systematic reviews supported evidence for favorable functional outcomes, but oncological outcomes were inconclusive owing to limited follow-up.

Objective: To evaluate the real-world data on the mid- to long-term oncological and functional outcomes of whole-gland cryoablation and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in patients with clinically localized PCa, and to provide expert recommendations and commentary on these findings.

Urinary Analysis of and Gene Mutations Enhances Performance of Cxbladder Tests and Improves Patient Risk Stratification.

Purpose: Cxbladder tests are urinary biomarker tests for detection of urothelial carcinoma. We developed enhanced Cxbladder tests that incorporate DNA analysis of 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms for the and genes, in addition to the current 5 mRNA biomarkers and clinical risk factors.

Materials And Methods: Two multicenter, prospective studies were undertaken in: (1) U.

Histopathological features of recurrent prostate adenocarcinoma after high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) focal treatment: A case report.

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a focal therapeutic approach for localised non-metastatic prostate cancer. We report a 53-year-old man who failed active surveillance of prostatic adenocarcinoma in the right lobe and underwent HIFU focal therapy. He experienced an outfield recurrence in the contralateral lobe thereafter and underwent salvage radical prostatectomy.

Is partial nephrectomy worth performing compared to radical nephrectomy for small, localised renal cortical tumours in geriatric patients?

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the likelihood of progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a cohort of geriatric Asian patients who underwent either partial nephrectomy (PN) or radical nephrectomy (RN) for localised pT1 kidney tumours.

Methods: Geriatric patients aged > 65 years who underwent PN or RN from 2005 to 2014 for localised kidney masses < 7 cm at a single institution were reviewed retrospectively. Preoperative and postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) were calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation.

Clinical outcomes of external beam radiotherapy in patients with localized prostate cancer: Does dose escalation matter?

Background: To report outcomes of localized prostate cancer treated with radical external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in our institution over a 14-year period, and to determine the impact of dose escalation of prostate cancer outcomes.

Methods: Patients with T1-T4 N0 M0 prostate cancer who received radical EBRT between January 2002 and December 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical data were obtained via the institutional electronic medical records.

Automated Needle Targeting with X-ray (ANT-X) - Robot-assisted device for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with its first successful use in human.

Introduction: To make percutaneous access easier in PCNL, we developed Automated Needle Targeting with X-ray (ANT-X).

Method: ANT-X uses an image registration software with a closed loop feedback system to autoalign the puncture needle to the desired calyx using the bullseye technique. We tried percutaneous punctures on a live pig model and compared the results with free-hand technique.

Management of penile cancer in a Singapore tertiary hospital.

Objectives: To present our experience of managing penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a tertiary hospital in Singapore and to evaluate the prognostic value of the inflammatory markers neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR).

Patients And Methods: We reviewed our prospectively maintained Institutional Review Board-approved urological cancer database to identify men treated for penile SCC at our centre between January 2007 and December 2015. For all the patients identified, we collected epidemiological and clinical data.

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a different disease entity in terms of management.

Upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUCs) consist of 5%-10% of all urothelial carcinomas, the rest being urothelial carcinomas of the bladder (UCB). There is increasing evidence to show that UTUC is a distinct disease entity from UCB based on phenotypical and genotypical (genetic and epigenetic) differences. This may account for why the natural history of UTUC is different from that of UCB, with >60% of UTUCs and only 15%-25% of UCB presenting with invasion at diagnosis.

MRI Fusion-Targeted Transrectal Prostate Biopsy and the Role of Prostate-Specific Antigen Density and Prostate Health Index for the Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Southeast Asian Men.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that targeted biopsy has a higher detection rate for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) than systematic biopsy. We defined csPCa as any Gleason sum ≥7 cancer. In patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 3 lesions, to determine if factors, such as prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) and prostate health index (PHI), can predict csPCa and help select patients for biopsy.

A rare case of intratesticular leiomyoma.

A 47-year-old man presented with a scrotal swelling. Ultrasonography of the testes showed that it was an extratesticular swelling. However, the swelling was intraoperatively found to be intratesticular.

Automated image based prominent nucleoli detection.

Introduction: Nucleolar changes in cancer cells are one of the cytologic features important to the tumor pathologist in cancer assessments of tissue biopsies. However, inter-observer variability and the manual approach to this work hamper the accuracy of the assessment by pathologists. In this paper, we propose a computational method for prominent nucleoli pattern detection.

Extent of pelvic lymph node dissection and the impact of standard template dissection on nomogram prediction of lymph node involvement.

Background: Our current lymph node involvement (LNI) nomogram was created using patients receiving both limited and standard lymph node dissection (LND). Over time, refinements in technique could affect the diagnostic yield from LND.

Objective: Our aim was to validate our existing LNI nomogram or develop a new nomogram with updated prediction coefficients that reflect the current standard LND template during radical prostatectomy (RP).

Renal oncocytosis: management and clinical outcomes.

Purpose: Renal oncocytosis is a rare pathological condition in which renal parenchyma is diffusely involved by numerous oncocytic nodules in addition to showing a spectrum of other oncocytic changes. We describe our experience with renal oncocytosis, focusing on management and outcomes.

Materials And Methods: A total of 20 patients with a final pathological diagnosis of renal oncocytosis from July 1995 through June 2009 were included in the analysis.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with recurrence 5 years after nephrectomy for localized renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: We analyzed characteristics in patients with recurrent renal cell carcinoma 5 years or later after nephrectomy and determined predictors of survival after recurrence.

Materials And Methods: From July 1989 to October 2008 at total of 2,368 nephrectomies were done for clinically localized, unilateral renal cell carcinoma at our institution. Of 256 patients with disease recurrence 44 had recurrence 5 years or more after nephrectomy.

Extended pelvic lymph node dissection in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy: surgical technique and initial experience.

Objectives: To describe, and show in the accompanying video segments, a technique for extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and report our clinicopathologic and perioperative outcomes. The extent of pelvic lymphadenectomy during radical prostatectomy has not been standardized. However, evidence demonstrates that an ePLND yields a greater number of positive nodes.

Lymph node dissection during robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: comparison of lymph node yield and clinical outcomes when including common iliac nodes with standard template dissection.

Objective: To compare the perioperative outcomes of standard pelvic to full-template lymph node (LN) dissection (LND) during robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP).

Patients And Methods: The study included 94 patients undergoing RALP with LND between January 2007 and August 2008, by one surgeon. In February 2008 the LND template was modified to include common iliac and medial hypogastric LNs.

Omental roll-up: a technique for islet engraftment in a large animal model.

Background: Attrition of transplanted islets is significant after hepatic embolization. This study was designed to investigate a novel surgical technique for islet transplantation into the omentum. This site allows placement of the islets in a three-dimensional (3D) matrix, with growth factors, to temporarily culture the islets in vivo while revascularization progresses.

Prognostic factors for upper tract transitional cell carcinoma: a retrospective review of 66 patients.

Objective: We assessed the prognostic factors on recurrence and disease-specific survival of patients treated for upper tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).

Methods: Data on 66 patients who were treated for upper tract TCC in a single centre over a 13-year period were analysed. Mean follow-up time was 49.

Early hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves outcome for radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.

Objectives: To assess the clinical factors that affect the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy in treating radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. HBO2 therapy is an effective treatment for radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, with reported response rates ranging from 76% to 100%.

Methods: The data from patients with radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis treated at our institution between May 1988 and December 2001 were reviewed retrospectively.

Hyperbaric oxygen does not accelerate latent in vivo prostate cancer: implications for the treatment of radiation-induced haemorrhagic cystitis.

Objective: To assess the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2; often used to treat haemorrhagic cystitis, a known side-effect after radiation therapy for prostate cancer and with the potential to induce tumour angiogenesis and stimulate latent recurrence) on indolent in vivo prostate cancer in a murine model.

Materials And Methods: Human prostate LNCaP cells were injected into 60 severe combined-immunodeficient mice; of these 24 (40%) did not develop palpable tumours after 6 weeks. They were randomized to undergo 20 sessions of either HBO2 or normobaric air in standardized conditions, and observed for another 4 weeks before the histological assessment of any palpable tumours that developed.