CO Cryo-sorption as a Surface-sensitive Spectroscopic Probe of the Active Site Density of Single-atom Catalysts.

Quantifying the number of active sites is a crucial aspect in the performance evaluation of single metal-atom electrocatalysts. A possible realization is using adsorbing gas molecules that selectively bind to the single-atom transition metal and then probing their surface density using spectroscopic tools. Herein, using in situ X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, we detect adsorbed CO gas molecules on a FeNC oxygen reduction single atom catalyst.

CO-Driven Oxygen Vacancy Diffusion and Healing on TiO(110) at Ambient Pressure.

Understanding how TiO interacts with CO at the molecular level is crucial in the CO reduction toward value-added energy sources. Here, we report in situ observations of the CO activation process on the reduced TiO(110) surface at room temperature using ambient pressure scanning tunneling microscopy. We find that oxygen vacancies (V) diffuse dynamically along the bridging oxygen (O) rows of the TiO(110) surface under ambient CO(g) environments.

Unintended readmissions and reoperations within 30 and 90 days following adult spinal deformity surgery.

Objective: This study investigated the rates and etiologies of unintended readmissions and reoperations within 30 and 90 days after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. The authors aimed to identify the risk factors for readmission and reoperation by analyzing patient demographic and surgical characteristics.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 307 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for ASD from 2012 to 2022 at a single academic institution.

Study of CO Adsorption Properties on the SrTiO(001) Surface with Ambient Pressure XPS.

The adsorption properties of CO on the SrTiO(001) surface were investigated using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy under elevated pressure and temperature conditions. On the Nb-doped TiO-enriched (1 × 1) SrTiO surface, CO adsorption, i.e.

Optimizing Surgical Strategy for Cervical Spinal Deformity: Global Alignment and Surgical Targets.

Cervical spinal deformity (CSD) is a complex condition characterized by abnormal curvature and cervical spine alignment. It can lead to a multitude of symptoms, including chronic pain, neurological deficits, and functional impairments, severely impacting an individual's health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Surgical intervention is often necessary to address the deformity and alleviate symptoms, but optimal surgical strategies remain a topic of ongoing research and debate.

Multi-pose-based convolutional neural network model for diagnosis of patients with central lumbar spinal stenosis.

Although the role of plain radiographs in diagnosing lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) has declined in importance since the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diagnostic ability of plain radiographs has improved dramatically when combined with deep learning. Previously, we developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model using a radiograph for diagnosing LSS. In this study, we aimed to improve and generalize the performance of CNN models and overcome the limitation of the single-pose-based CNN (SP-CNN) model using multi-pose radiographs.

Different cutoff value of motor evoked potentials for the postoperative outcome in the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament surgery in the cervical and thoracic spine.

Background Context: Transcranial muscle motor evoked potentials (Tc-mMEPs), a key component of intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM), effectively reflect the changes in corticospinal tract integrity and are closely related to the occurrence of the postoperative motor deficit (PMD). Most institutions have applied a specified (fixed) alarm criterion for the heterogeneous groups in terms of etiologies or lesion location. However, given the high risk of PMD in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) surgery, it is essential to determine a tailored cutoff value for IONM.

Pathways of Water-Induced Lead-Halide Perovskite Surface Degradation: Insights from Atomic-Scale Analysis.

While organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are emerging as promising materials for next-generation photovoltaic applications, the origins and pathways of perovskite instability remain speculative. In particular, the degradation of perovskite surfaces by ambient water is a crucial subject for determining the long-term viability of perovskite-based solar cells. Here, we conducted surface characterization and atomic-scale analysis of the reaction mechanisms for methylammonium lead bromide (MA(CHNH)PbBr) single crystals using ambient-pressure atomic force microscopy (AP-AFM) and near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) in environments ranging from ultrahigh vacuum to 0.

Radiographic outcomes following surgical correction for lumbar degenerative kyphosis: the impact of supine pelvic tilt.

Objective: Lumbar degenerative kyphosis (LDK), a flexible deformity, is a common form of sagittal imbalance in Asian countries. Assessing a patient's spine prior to surgery by using positional radiographs is becoming more crucial in determining surgical planning to achieve favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes, especially in patients with flexible deformities. This study aims to identify radiographic characteristics of supine pelvic tilt (sPT) and its relation to mechanical failure (MF) following LDK correction.

Gravity Line-Hip Axis Offset as a Guide for Global Alignment to Prevent Recurrent Proximal Junctional Kyphosis/Failure.

Background And Objectives: Proximal junctional kyphosis/failure (PJK/F) is a potentially serious complication after adult spinal deformity (ASD) corrective surgery. Recurrent PJK/F is especially troublesome, necessitating fusion extension and occasionally resulting in irreversible neurological deficits. The gravity line (GL) offers valuable insights into global sagittal balance.

Surgical and Clinical Outcomes Associated With the Use of Barbed Sutures and Self-Adhering Mesh System and Polymeric Glue for Wound Closure in Multilevel or Revision Spinal Surgery: A Matched Cohort Comparative Study With Conventional Wound Closure Procedure.

Objective: Multilevel or revisional posterior spinal surgery is prone to infection and delayed wound healing, related with the wound closure time and suture strength. Knotless barbed suture is an innovative self-locking, multianchor suture. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the knotless barbed suture and self-adhering mesh with polymeric glue in multilevel or revisional posterior spinal surgery.

Selection of Optimal Lower Instrumented Vertebra for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects approximately 2% of adolescents across all ethnicities. The objectives of surgery for AIS are to halt curve progression, correct the deformity in 3 dimensions, and preserve as many mobile spinal segments as possible, avoiding junctional complications. Despite ongoing development in algorithms and classification systems for the surgical treatment of AIS, there is still considerable debate about selecting the appropriate fusion level.

Narrative Review of Clinical Impact of Head-Hip Offset Following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery.

In adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery, mechanical failure (MF) has been a significant concern for spine surgeons as well as patients. Despite earnest endeavors to prevent MF, the absence of a definitive consensus persists, owing to the intricate interplay of multifarious factors associated with this complication. Previous approaches centered around global spinal alignment have yielded limited success in entirely forestalling MF.

Revisiting En Bloc Resection Versus Piecemeal Resection for the Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor of the Spine.

Objective: Surgery for spinal giant cell tumors (GCTs) is challenging because these tumors often exhibit a poor clinical course owing to their locally aggressive features. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic factors of GCT recurrence in the spine by focusing on surgical factors.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent surgery for spinal GCTs between January 2005 and December 2016.

Facet-Controlled CuO Support Enhances Catalytic Activity of Pt Nanoparticles for CO Oxidation.

The metal-support interaction plays a crucial role in determining the catalytic activity of supported metal catalysts. Changing the facet of the support is a promising strategy for catalytic control via constructing a well-defined metal-support nanostructure. Herein, we developed cubic and octahedral CuO supports with (100) and (111) facets terminated, respectively, and Pt nanoparticles (NPs) were introduced.

Chemical Influence of Carbon Interface Layers in Metal/Oxide Resistive Switches.

Thin layers introduced between a metal electrode and a solid electrolyte can significantly alter the transport of mass and charge at the interfaces and influence the rate of electrode reactions. C films embedded in functional materials can change the chemical properties of the host, thereby altering the functionality of the whole device. Using X-ray spectroscopies, here we demonstrate that the chemical and electronic structures in a representative redox-based resistive switching (RS) system, TaO/Ta, can be tuned by inserting a graphene or ultrathin amorphous C layer.

Tuning CO Hydrogenation Selectivity through Reaction-Driven Restructuring on Cu-Ni Bimetal Catalysts.

Tuning the selectivity of CO hydrogenation is of significant scientific interest, especially using nickel-based catalysts. Fundamental insights into CO hydrogenation on Ni-based catalysts demonstrate that CO is a primary intermediate, and product selectivity is strongly dependent on the oxidation state of Ni. Therefore, modifying the electronic structure of the nickel surface is a compelling strategy for tuning product selectivity.

Postoperative Gravity Line-Hip Axis Offset as a Substantial Risk Factor for Mechanical Failure After Adult Spinal Deformity Correction Surgery.

Background: Mechanical failure (MF) is a serious burden for patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) who have undergone deformity correction surgery. Surgeons have sought to understand the mechanism and prevent this problematic complication, but this goal remains to be achieved. The gravity line (GL) of the whole body is a noteworthy parameter that represents global sagittal balance, for which normative values for the axial skeleton have been studied.

Clinical Impact and Correlations of Odontoid Parameters Following Multilevel Posterior Cervical Fusion Surgery.

Objective: C2 slope (C2S), a cervical parameter mathematically approximated as T1 slope minus cervical lordosis (T1S-CL), predicts functional improvement in cervical deformity patients. Nonetheless, C2S is a positional parameter based only on the horizontal axis. The current study aims to introduce novel odontoid parameters and establish their relationships with patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Reciprocal Changes Following Cervical Realignment Surgery.

Over the last few decades, the importance of the sagittal plane and its contour has gained significant recognition. Through full-body stereoradiography, the understanding of compensatory mechanisms, and the concept of global balance and reciprocal change has expanded. There have been a few reports describing how cervical realignment surgery affects global spinal alignment (GSA) and global balance.

Intraoperative bulbocavernosus reflex monitoring in posterior lumbar fusion surgery.

Objective: To assess the utility of intraoperative bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) monitoring in posterior lumbar fusion surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 153 patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion with intraoperative BCR monitoring. Voiding function was assessed at discharge and two follow-ups.

Safety and Efficacy of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Multilevel Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion in a Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Objective: This study is an investigator-initiated, prospective, randomized, controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combined use of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and a hydroxyapatite (HA) carrier in multilevel fusion in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD).

Methods: Thirty patients underwent posterolateral fusion for lumbar spinal deformities at 3 to 5 segments between L1 and S1. The patients received rhBMP-2+HA or HA on the left or right side of the transverse processes.

Safety and Efficacy of a New Moldable and Compression Resistant Matrix Carrier with Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in the Rabbit Bone Defect Model.

Aim: To conduct an animal experimental study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the compression-resistant matrix (CRM) carrier for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in osteogenesis.

Material And Methods: New moldable CRM carrier, and with rhBMP-2 (new CRM carrier with rhBMP-2) were prepared as the experimental groups. Pre-existing synthetic bone graft material was prepared as a control graft group.