Effect of cations on aerobic granulation for sidestream treatment.

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) represents an aggregate of sludge formed through the self-immobilization of microorganisms under aerobic conditions. It is currently under scrutiny for its potential as a technology to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainability. The practicality of AGS stems from its ability to encourage granule formation and enhance structural stability.

Effect of settling time and organic loading rates on aerobic granulation processes treating high strength wastewater.

Despite its numerous advantages, the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) process faces several challenges that hinder its widespread implementation. One such challenge is the requirement for high organic load ratios (OLR), which significantly impacts AGS formation and stability, posing a barrier to commercialization. In response to these challenges, this study investigates the granulation and treatment efficacy of the AGS process for treating high-concentration wastewater under various OLR and settling time.

A systematic review of innovations in tannery solid waste treatment: A viable solution for the circular economy.

Amidst growing global demand for leather goods, the efficient conversion of rawhide and skins into durable leather is crucial, yet approximately 80 % of these materials become solid and liquid waste during tannery operations. Improper management of tannery solid waste poses significant environmental risks, contaminating soil, groundwater, and surface water. This review explores thermochemical, biological, and phytoremediation methods for treating tannery solid waste, emphasizing their role in resource recovery and environmental sustainability.

A comprehensive comparative study on microwave- assisted pyrolysis products derived from raw and digested organic waste, with emphasis on sewage sludge, food waste, and livestock manure.

This study focused on characterizing sewage sludge, food waste, and livestock manure, representative of continuously generated organic wastes, along with their anaerobic digestion residues. Microwave assisted pyrolysis was employed to investigate the relationship between the properties of the raw organic wastes and the resulting pyrolysis products, utilizing the R-program for analysis. Evaluation of the pyrolysis products of these six organic wastes revealed that char yield was primarily influenced by ash and fixed carbon contents, with higher yields observed in residues from anaerobic digestion compared to the original organic waste.

Comparison of pyrolysis gasification of livestock manure, food wastewater, and their co-digested sludge.

For energy recovery, anaerobic digestion is applied to organic waste, such as livestock manure (LM) and food wastewater (FW). Digested sludge(DS), a residue from the anaerobic co-digestion of LM and FW, is another type of organic waste that can be converted into energy through pyrolysis. This study compared the pyrolysis characteristics of LM, FW, and DS.

Digital imaging-in-flow (FlowCAM) and probabilistic machine learning to assess the sonolytic disinfection of cyanobacteria in sewage wastewater.

Assessing the cyanobacteria disinfection in sewage and its compliance with international-standards requires determining the concentration and viability, which can be achieve using Imaging Flow Cytometry device called FlowCAM. The objective is to thoroughly investigate the sonolytic morphological changes and disinfection-performance towards toxic cyanobacteria existing in sewage using the FlowCAM. After optimizing the process conditions, over 80% decline in cyanobacterial cell counts was observed, accompanied by an additional 10-15% of cells exhibiting injuries, as confirmed through morphological investigation.

Impact of dewatering inorganic coagulants on anaerobic digestion treating food waste leachate.

Anaerobic digestion of food waste leachate (FWL) provides a viable solution for waste treatment and energy production. Returning solids from digested sludge to the reactor maintains a high microbial concentration and enhances digestion efficiency. However, this requires coagulants because the digestate has low dewaterability.

The significance of split-face studies and electromyography in forehead rejuvenation.

Background: Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxic substance with a wide range of uses, from the treatment of musculoskeletal spasms to antiaging regimens by improving wrinkles. Split-face studies in which drugs are injected in the right and left sides of the faces have been actively conducted in botulinum toxin studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the reliability of a split-face study for determining the effectiveness of botulinum toxin based on eyebrow height and movement, and electromyography results.

Syngas generation from different types of sewage sludge using microwave-assisted pyrolysis with silicon carbide as the absorbent.

In this study, the pyrolysis of sewage sludge was explored through microwave-assisted pyrolysis. Three kinds of sludge (primary sludge, waste-activated sludge, and digested sludge) from a sewage treatment process were used. All three kinds of sewage sludge had a low microwave absorption capacity; therefore, an absorber was added to enable microwave-assisted pyrolysis.

Incidentally Diagnosed Duodenal Web in Infancy.

A duodenal web is an incomplete diaphragm of the duodenal lumen that causes a partial or (intermittent) complete obstruction. The size of a duodenal web's aperture determines the degree of obstruction, age at presentation, and radiologic findings. We report a case of duodenal web incidentally diagnosed in a 14-month-old boy who presented to the hospital after ingesting a foreign body.

Advances in Understanding the Genetic Basis of Fatty Acids Biosynthesis in Perilla: An Update.

, also termed as purple mint, Chinese basil, or mint, is a flavoring herb widely used in East Asia. Both crude oil and essential oil are employed for consumption as well as industrial purposes. Fatty acids (FAs) biosynthesis and oil body assemblies in have been extensively investigated over the last three decades.

Field test of water-net based wastewater treatment for nutrient removal and bioethanol production.

In this study, an open pond constructed in Myanmar, a region with tropical climate and favorable environmental conditions for algae growth, was considered to conduct field experiments on sewage inflow river water. The nutrient removal efficiency and productivity of Hydrodictyon reticulatum (H. reticulatum) were analyzed, and the maximum fermentation limit concentration for bioethanol production was determined.

The Relationships of End-of-life Care Stress with Compassionate Competence and Attitudes toward End-of-life Care among Pediatric Nurses.

Purpose: This study aimed to provide basic data for developing interventions to relieve the end-of-life care stress experienced by pediatric nurses by examining the relationships of end-of-life care stress with compassionate competence and attitudes toward end-of-life care.

Methods: Data were collected via a survey that was conducted from September 10 to September 30, 2018 and administered to 113 nurses who had worked for more than 6 months in a pediatric unit at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea. The data were analyzed for frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted using SPSS version 25.

Humic acid removal and microbial community function in membrane bioreactor.

A membrane bioreactor with humic acid substrate (MBR-H) was operated to investigate organic removal and membrane performance. Approximately, 60% of chemical oxygen demand removal was observed in MBR-H. The biosorption capacity reached to the maximum value of 29.

Pilot-scale cultivation of water-net in secondary effluent using an open pond raceway for nutrient removal and bioethanol production.

Although microalgae are seen as a potential alternative source of energy and other materials currently sourced from petroleum, issues still remain with industrialization because of difficulties in developing commercially operational microalgal production systems. We set up a pilot-scale study that involved the simultaneous reuse of wastewater and production of algae under different light and harvesting conditions. We cultivated Hydrodictyon reticulatum (H.

Economic feasibility of phosphorus recovery through struvite from liquid anaerobic digestate of animal waste.

Although the struvite crystallization process has proven to be an effective process for the recovery of nutrients from wastewater, this process has not been widely used due to the excessive use of chemicals. In this study, the optimal production conditions, yield, and economic feasibility of struvite using the anaerobic digestion of livestock wastewater were investigated. In addition, the economic feasibility of adding zeolite to improve the productivity of struvite and additionally remove nitrogen was evaluated.

Characteristics of heavy metal separation and determination of limiting current density in a pilot-scale electrodialysis process for plating wastewater treatment.

Recent development in industry has led to increased water usage, while intensifying water shortage. Electrodialysis has been proposed as a technique for minimizing the generation of secondary environmental pollution problems and effectively treating harmful substances such as heavy metals in industrial wastewater. As electrodialysis is affected by several factors, it is crucial to provide necessary information about the operating elements.

Conversion of heavy metal-containing biowaste from phytoremediation site to value-added solid fuel through hydrothermal carbonization.

In this study, heavy metal-containing sunflower residues obtained from a phytoremediation site were hydrothermally carbonized at 160-260 °C. The properties of hydrochar thus produced were evaluated with respect to its potential as solid fuel. The results confirmed that hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) reduced the concentration of heavy metals in hydrochars, with the concentration lower than the maximum permissible level of domestic standards for bio-solid refuse fuel.

Impact of hydrothermal pretreatment on anaerobic digestion efficiency for lignocellulosic biomass: Influence of pretreatment temperature on the formation of biomass-degrading byproducts.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of lignocellulosic biomass is appealing because of the abundance and ease of obtaining the biomass locally. However, the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass presents an obstacle in the hydrolysis step of AD and lowers the process efficiency. In this study, sunflower, which is a model lignocellulosic biomass, was pretreated by thermal (hydrothermal pretreatment, HTP) and non-thermal (milling) methods; the methane yield and biodegradability of the pretreated biomass were determined using a series of batch tests.

Interactions between substrate characteristics and microbial communities on biogas production yield and rate.

In this study, leather fleshing waste (LFW) and a complementary substrate (food waste leachate; FWL) were co-digested. The main focus of research was to study effects on biogas production caused by interactions between co-substrates when combined in different mixing ratios and changes on microbial community structures. Due to a positive effect of co-digestion (i.

Hydrothermal carbonization of waste from leather processing and feasibility of produced hydrochar as an alternative solid fuel.

This study presents hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of leather waste (LW) to produce hydrochar and feasibility of using produced hydrochar as solid fuel. The results showed that a relatively low HTC treatment temperature (180-200 °C) improved both the hydrochar product yield (>82.9% by dry weight) and its potential use as a solid fuel with in terms of its physicochemical properties and heating value.

Characteristics of vegetable crop cultivation and nutrient releasing with struvite as a slow-release fertilizer.

Struvite precipitation is an effective method to remove and recover ammonia and phosphate from livestock wastewater. Struvite has properties similar to those of the traditional ammonium-phosphate fertilizer, which does not burn the roots owing to its slow-release characteristics. Struvite is an effective fertilizer as its nutrient-releasing rate is very slow.

Solid fuel production through hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge and microalgae Chlorella sp. from wastewater treatment plant.

This study presents co-hydrothermal treatment of primary sludge (PS) from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and Chlorella sp., cultivated using WWTP effluent, and feasibility of using produced hydrochar as solid fuel. The results showed that properties of PS were improved through blending with Chlorella sp.