Thymosin β4 is associated with bone sialoprotein expression via ERK and Smad3 signaling pathways in MDPC-23 odontoblastic cells.

Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) regulates the expression of molecules associated with dentinogenesis, including bone sialoprotein (BSP). BSP regulates the initiation of mineralization and the direction of dentin growth. However, the association between Tβ4 signaling and BSP expression in odontoblasts remains unclear.