Experimental validation of coronary stenosis severity and development of ischemic myocardium.

Introduction And Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the causal association between hemodynamically significant stenosis and the occurrence of ischemic myocardium using an experimental animal model of coronary artery stenosis.

Methods: In Yorkshire swine (n=10), coronary stenosis in the left anterior descending artery was induced using a customized vascular occluder to create varying degrees of occlusion severity (40%-99%). Serial changes in coronary pressure and flow velocity were measured in the left anterior descending artery before and after the implantation of the vascular occluder.

68 Ga-FAPI PET in Visualizing Acute Ischemic Stroke at Risk of Hemorrhagic Transformation.

Hemorrhagic transformation is a serious complication of ischemic stroke, which occurs at a rate of between 18% and 42%. 68 Ga-FAPI PET can visualize acute cerebral infarction at risk of hemorrhagic transformation in the brain. We report a case of 68 Ga-FAPI PET imaging in a patient with recurrent ischemic stroke.

How to Harness the Power of GPT for Scientific Research: A Comprehensive Review of Methodologies, Applications, and Ethical Considerations.

The rapid advancements in natural language processing, particularly with the development of Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models, have opened up new avenues for researchers across various domains. This review article explores the potential of GPT as a research tool, focusing on the core functionalities, key features, and real-world applications of the GPT-4 model. We delve into the concept of prompt engineering, a crucial technique for effectively utilizing GPT, and provide guidelines for designing optimal prompts.

Lung Cancer Staging Using Chest CT and FDG PET/CT Free-Text Reports: Comparison Among Three ChatGPT Large Language Models and Six Human Readers of Varying Experience.

Although radiology reports are commonly used for lung cancer staging, this task can be challenging given radiologists' variable reporting styles as well as reports' potentially ambiguous and/or incomplete staging-related information. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of ChatGPT large language models (LLMs) and human readers of varying experience in lung cancer staging using chest CT and FDG PET/CT free-text reports. This retrospective study included 700 patients (mean age, 73.

Tc-99m DMSA SPECT for Follow-Up of Non-Operative Treatments in Renal Injuries: A Prospective Single-Center Study.

Objective: The assessment of cortical integrity following renal injuries with planar Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy depends on measuring relatively decreased cortical uptake (i.e., split renal function [SRF]).

Applying Pix2pix to Translate Hyperemia in Blood Pool Image into Corresponding Increased Bone Uptake in Delayed Image in Three-Phase Bone Scintigraphy.

Purpose: Delayed images may not be acquired due to severe pain, drowsiness, or worsening vital signs while waiting after blood pool imaging in three-phase bone scintigraphy. If the hyperemia in the blood pool image contains information from which increased uptake on the delayed images can be inferred, the generative adversarial network (GAN) can generate the increased uptake from the hyperemia. We attempted to apply pix2pix, a type of conditional GAN, to transform hyperemia into increased bone uptake.

Evaluation of Non-infarct-Related Arteries Using C-11 Acetate PET in STEMI With Multivessel Disease.

Background: We analyzed whether C-11 acetate positron emission tomography (PET) can be used for the evaluation of non-infarct-related artery (NIRA) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel disease.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled 31 patients with STEMI and at least one NIRA stenosis (diameter stenosis [DS] ≥ 50%). C-11 acetate PET was performed after successful revascularization for the infarct-related artery (IRA).

Prediction of cardiac events following concurrent chemoradiation therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer using FDG PET.

Objective: No imaging biomarkers are available for the prediction of cardiac events following concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We evaluated whether F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) early after CCRT, in addition to cardiac dosimetry, could predict late cardiac events in NSCLC.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 133 consecutive patients with locally advanced, unresectable stage III NSCLC, who underwent FDG PET early after CCRT and survived at least 6 months.

Precise characterization of a solitary pulmonary nodule using tumor shadow disappearance rate-corrected F-18 FDG PET and enhanced CT.

We aimed to characterize solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) using imaging parameters for F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) or enhanced CT corrected by tumor shadow disappearance rate (TDR) to reflect the tissue density.We enrolled 51 patients with an SPN who underwent PET/CT and chest CT with enhancement. The FDG uptake of SPN was evaluated using maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on PET/CT.

Change of Therapeutic Response Classification According to Recombinant Human Thyrotropin-Stimulated Thyroglobulin Measured at Different Time Points in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Purpose: We investigated whether response classification after total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy could be affected by serum levels of recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH)-stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) measured at different time points in a follow-up of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods: A total of 147 PTC patients underwent serum Tg measurement for response assessment 6 to 24 months after the first RAI therapy. Serum Tg levels were measured at 24 h (D1Tg) and 48-72 h (D2-3Tg) after the 2 injection of rhTSH.

Deceased vs. living donor kidney transplantation in prediction of acute renal allograft rejection using Tc-99m DTPA renal scan.

Objectives: No data are available regarding different prognostic values of Tc-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) renal scan in kidney transplantation (KT) recipients according to two distinct donor types: deceased donor KT (DDKT) and living donor KT (LDKT). We evaluated whether the interpretation of Tc-99m DTPA renal scan should be different by the donor type in predicting acute renal allograft rejection (AR).

Methods: One hundred and seven KT recipients (61 DDKT and 46 LDKT) were included in this study.

The role of interim FDG PET-CT after induction chemotherapy as a predictor of concurrent chemoradiotherapy efficacy and prognosis for head and neck cancer.

Purpose: Induction chemotherapy (ICT) with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) has the advantages of organ preservation and systemic control in head and neck cancer (HNC). Early prediction of CCRT efficacy may help identify patients who will benefit more from surgery than from CCRT. We investigated the role of interim 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) after ICT to predict the efficacy of CCRT and clinical outcomes.

Optimization of diagnostic performance for differentiation of recurrence from radiation necrosis in patients with metastatic brain tumors using tumor volume-corrected C-methionine uptake.

Background: Tumor to normal tissue ratio (T/N ratio) on C-methionine (C-MET) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is affected by variable factors. We investigated whether T/N ratio cutoff values corrected according to metabolic tumor volume (MTV) could improve the diagnostic performance of C-MET PET/CT for diagnosis of recurrence in patients with metastatic brain tumor. Forty-eight patients with metastatic brain tumors underwent C-MET PET/CT for differential diagnosis between recurrence and radiation necrosis after gamma knife radiosurgery (GKR).

Iodine Uptake Patterns on Post-ablation Whole Body Scans are Related to Elevated Serum Thyroglobulin Levels After Radioactive Iodine Therapy in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Purpose: Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level is frequently elevated shortly after radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation therapy. The authors studied the relationship between the elevation of serum Tg after RAI therapy and iodine uptake pattern on post-ablation whole body scans (RxWBSs) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Materials And Methods: The study subjects were patients with PTC that had undergone first RAI therapy with thyroid hormone withdrawal after total thyroidectomy.

Coronary flow reserve and relative flow reserve measured by N-13 ammonia PET for characterization of coronary artery disease.

Objective: We evaluated the relationships between coronary flow reserve (CFR) and relative flow reserve (RFR) measured by N-13 ammonia positron emission tomography (PET) for characterization of epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: Sixty-nine consecutive stable angina patients underwent N-13 ammonia PET, coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), and if necessary, invasive coronary angiography (CAG) within 2 weeks. Myocardial blood flow (MBF), CFR, RFR, and coronary vascular resistance of the reference arterial territory (CVR) were measured by N-13 ammonia PET.

Clinical values of left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony assessment by gated myocardial perfusion SPECT in patients with acute myocardial infarction and multivessel disease.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of additional evaluation of left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony (LVMD) by gated myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (GMPS) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and multivessel disease.

Methods: One hundred and nine acute MI patients with >50 % stenosis in at least one non-culprit artery who underwent GMPS within 2 weeks were enrolled. All patients underwent successful revascularization of the culprit arteries.

Prediction of coronary artery calcium progression by FDG uptake of large arteries in asymptomatic individuals.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake of the large arteries can predict coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression in asymptomatic individuals.

Methods: Ninety-six asymptomatic individuals who underwent FDG positron emission tomography (PET) and CAC scoring on the same day for health screening and follow-up CAC scoring ≥1 year after baseline studies (mean 4.3 years) were included.

Open-Mouth Bone Scintigraphy Is Better than Closed-Mouth Bone Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Osteoarthritis.

Purpose: Closed-mouth bone scintigraphy (CM scan) and closed-mouth single-photon emission computed tomography (CM SPECT) are used for conventional evaluation of osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). However, the adequacy of open-mouth bone scintigraphy (OM scan) has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of CM scan, CM SPECT, and OM scan.

Correlation of Angina Pectoris and Perfusion Decrease by Collateral Circulation in Single-Vessel Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion Using Myocardial Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate the perfusion decrease in donor myocardium by collateral circulation and its correlation with angina pectoris in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) using myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (MPS).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six patients with single-vessel CTO without any other stenosis were included. All patients underwent MPS and coronary angiography (CAG) within 2 months.