Comparative antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of red ginseng and fermented red ginseng extracts.

Background: Fermentation may alter the bioavailability of certain compounds, which may affect their efficacy and pharmacological responses. This study investigated the antiplatelet effects of red ginseng extract (RGE) and fermented red ginseng extract (FRG).

Methods: A rodent model was used to evaluate the antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of the extracts.

Trifolium pratense ethanolic extract alters the gut microbiota composition and regulates serum lipid profile in the ovariectomized rats.

Background: Trifolium pratense (red clover) ethanolic extract (TPEE) has been used as a popular over-the-counter remedy for the management of menopausal symptoms. Prolonged consumption of herbal extract has been shown to regulate the composition of gut microbiota. This study was designed to elucidate the influence of TPEE on the gut microbiota composition in the ovariectomized (OVX) rats.

Modulation of quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors by Nymphaea tetragona (water lily) extract.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Nymphaea tetragona is a widely distributed ornamental species with ethnomedicinal uses in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, eruptive fevers, and infections. The anti-infectious activities of this herb have already been assessed to clarify its traditional use as a medicine.

Aim Of Study: In this study, we aimed to verify the inhibitory effects of N.

Korean Red Ginseng saponin fraction modulates radiation effects on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells.

Background: In previous work, we reported that Korean Red Ginseng saponin fraction (RGSF) showed anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: The present study investigated the radioprotective properties of RGSF by examining its effects on ionizing radiation (IR)-enhanced and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammatory responses in murine macrophage cells.

Results: RGSF induced strong downregulation of IR-enhanced and LPS-induced proinflammatory responses such as nitric oxide (NO) production (Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC50) = 5.

Virtopsy in a red kangaroo with oral osteomyelitis.

This report describes the use of computed tomography (CT) in a nondomestic species. Postmortem CT was performed on a red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) and a diagnosis of oral osteomyelitis was made. CT examination revealed bony remodeling of the right mandible, an intraosseous lesion of the right temporal bone, muscle necrosis around the right mandible, and the absence of the right, first, upper molar tooth.

Use of contrast-enhanced CT in the diagnosis of abscesses in cattle.

We report here the non-contrast and contrast-enhanced computed tomography performed in two calves with brain abscess and multiple pulmonary abscesses with pharyngeal abscess, respectively. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography was useful in the diagnosis of these diseases in both calves. The diseases were confirmed by histopathological examination.

The relationship between the size of caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte of the canine femoral neck and the radiographic view.

Caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte (CCO), an osteophyte at the site of joint capsule attachment on the caudal aspect of the femoral neck, has been advocated as a radiographic criterion for coxofemoral subluxation. The correlation between the presence of CCO on radiographs (radiographic-CCO), the size of the CCO (CCO index) on three-dimensional computed tomographic (CT) images, and hip evaluation using transverse CT images was assessed in 22 Border Collies. CCOs were detected on the radiographs and CT images of 32% and 100% femurs, respectively.

Computed tomographic evaluation of cerebral ventricular size in clinically normal calves.

Objective: To evaluate lateral ventricular size in clinically normal calves by use of computed tomography and to examine the relationships between ventricular height (Vh), ventricular area (VA), and ventricular volume (VV).

Animals: 14 Holstein calves. Procedures-14 calves underwent computed tomography of the head with transverse images acquired from the rostral aspect of the frontal lobe continuing caudally to the level of the foramen magnum.

Inflammatory reaction in the herniated degenerative disc materials in miniature dachshunds.

Histological and immunohistochemical studies were conducted using herniated intervertebral disc materials obtained surgically from 39 miniature dachshunds. Infiltration of inflammatory cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, T or B lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells, were identified in intervertebral disc materials in 23 cases. Furthermore, proliferations of connective tissue, including neovascularization, were also observed in 17 cases.

Effect of an autogenous free fat graft on hemilaminectomy defects in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an autogenous free fat graft (FFG) on hemilaminectomy defects. Hemilaminectomy was performed at three levels in three beagles, and each defect was designated as a control site or a site treated with one of two different sizes of FFG. Subsequently, longitudinal computed tomography scanning and histopathological examination were performed.

Significance of imaging features of alveolar echinococcosis in studies on nonhuman primates.

In this study, we report the imaging findings in two Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) diagnosed with alveolar echinococcosis. Both monkeys were treated with albendazole for 10 years, without surgery. Radiography, computed tomography, and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography were performed under general anesthesia.

Measurement of canine pancreatic perfusion using dynamic computed tomography: influence of input-output vessels on deconvolution and maximum slope methods.

Objective: We investigated whether the prerequisite of the maximum slope and deconvolution methods are satisfied in pancreatic perfusion CT and whether the measured parameters between these algorithms are correlated.

Methods: We examined nine beagles injected with iohexol (200 mgI kg(-1)) at 5.0 ml s(-1).

Influence of osmolarity of contrast medium and saline flush on computed tomography angiography: comparison of monomeric and dimeric iodinated contrast media with different iodine concentrations at an identical iodine delivery rate.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of osmolarity of iodinated contrast media and saline flush on the contrast effect in thoracic computed tomography angiography (CTA) at an identical iodine delivery rate (IDR).

Materials And Methods: Seven beagles were used in a cross-over experiment. The contrast media used were iohexol 350 mgI/ml (IOH350; osmolarity 844 mmol/kg) and iodixanol 320 mgI/ml (IDX320; osmolarity 290 mmol/kg).

Providing an intelligible explanation to pet owners by using three-dimensional CT images: use of clinical imaging for better informed consent.

The purpose of the study reported here was to discuss the level of intelligibility of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) images of clinical patients for persons who are lacking veterinary knowledge. 143 undergraduate students were participated in this study. They were entirely unfamiliar with veterinary anatomy.

Alveolar macrophages are indispensable for controlling influenza viruses in lungs of pigs.

Alveolar macrophages constitutively reside in the respiratory tracts of pigs and humans. An in vivo role of alveolar macrophages in defending against influenza viruses in mice infected with a reassorted influenza virus, 1918 HA/NA:Tx/91, was reported, but there has been no report on an in vivo role of alveolar macrophages in a natural host such as a pig using currently circulating human influenza virus. Here we show that in vivo depletion of alveolar macrophages in pigs by dichloromethylene diphosphonate (MDPCL2) treatment results in 40% mortality when pigs are infected with currently circulating human H1N1 influenza viruses, while none of the infected control pigs died.