Predictive Value of the nProfiler 1 Assay for the Efficacy of Adjuvant S-1-Based Doublet Chemotherapy in Stage III Gastric Cancer: A Post-Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Phase III Trial.

Purpose: The nProfiler 1 Stomach Cancer Assay (nProfiler1), designed to predict responses to fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy, measures the expression of four gastric cancer target genes (GZMB, WARS, SFRP4, and CDX1). The randomized phase III POST trial aimed to compare the efficacies of two adjuvant S-1-based doublet chemotherapies: S-1 plus cisplatin (SP) and S-1 plus docetaxel (DS). This study aimed to validate the nProfiler1 assay using a distinct cohort from the POST trial.

Real-world outcomes of third-line immune checkpoint inhibitors versus irinotecan-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer: a Korean, multicenter study (KCSG ST22-06).

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) or irinotecan-based chemotherapy is frequently used after failure of second-line paclitaxel plus ramucirumab treatment for patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic advanced gastric cancer (AGC). This study aimed to compare the efficacy between ICI and irinotecan-based chemotherapy as third-line treatment in patients with AGC.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with AGC, whose third-line treatment started between July 2019 and June 2021 at 17 institutions in Korea.

A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial to Compare Efficacy and Safety between Combination Therapy and Monotherapy in Elderly Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer (KCSG ST13-10).

Purpose: This study evaluated whether combination therapy is more effective than monotherapy in elderly patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer (MRGC) as first-line chemotherapy.

Materials And Methods: Elderly (≥ 70 years) chemo-naïve patients with MRGC were allocated to receive either combination therapy (group A: 5-fluorouracil [5-FU]/oxaliplatin, capecitabine/oxaliplatin, capecitabine/cisplatin, or S-1/cisplatin) or monotherapy (group B: 5-FU, capecitabine, or S-1). In group A, starting doses were 80% of standard doses, and they could be escalated to 100% at the discretion of the investigator.

Comparison between oxaliplatin therapy and capecitabine monotherapy for high-risk stage II - III elderly patients with colon cancer.

Purpose: 45% of colon cancer patients are elderly, yet they are often deviated from standard cancer management. The MOSAIC trial favored FOLFOX over FL with superior oncologic outcomes; however, which regimen is most beneficial in elderly population remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of oxaliplatin-added chemotherapy and capecitabine monotherapy in high-risk stage II/stage III elderly colon cancer patients.

Clinical Characteristics of Clear Cell Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Multicenter Experience of 308 Patients in South Korea.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristics and treatment pattern of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) in Korea and the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in early stage.

Materials And Methods: Medical records of 308 cases of from 21 institutions were reviewed and data including age, performance status, endometriosis, thromboembolism, stage, cancer antigen 125, treatment, recurrence, and death were collected.

Results: Regarding stage of OCCC, it was stage I in 194 (63.

Thapsigargin Increases IL-2 Production in T Cells at Nanomolar Concentrations.

Thapsigargin (TGN) is a potent and selective inhibitor of sarco-endoplasmic Ca-ATPase, leading to rapid elevation of cytoplasmic Ca concentration. Previous reports have shown that TGN increases the production of various cytokines from macrophages and dendritic cells. Here, we examine the effects of TGN on murine T cells.

A PI3K p110α-selective inhibitor enhances the efficacy of anti-HER2/neu antibody therapy against breast cancer in mice.

Combination therapies with phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors and trastuzumab (anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor [HER]2/neu antibody) are effective against HER2+ breast cancer. Isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors elicit anti-tumor immune responses that are distinct from those induced by inhibitors of class I PI3K isoforms (pan-PI3K inhibitors). The present study investigated the therapeutic effect and potential for stimulating anti-tumor immunity of combined therapy with an anti-HER2/neu antibody and pan-PI3K inhibitor (GDC-0941) or a PI3K p110α isoform-selective inhibitor (A66) in mouse models of breast cancer.

Comparison of efficacy and tolerance between combination therapy and monotherapy as first-line chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: The combination of a fluoropyrimidine [5-fluorouracil (5-FU), capecitabine, or S-1] with a platinum analog (cisplatin or oxaliplatin) is the most widely accepted first-line chemotherapy regimen for metastatic or recurrent advanced gastric cancer (AGC), based on the results of clinical trials. However, there is little evidence to guide chemotherapy for elderly patients with AGC because of under-representation of this age group in clinical trials. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the optimal chemotherapy regimen for elderly patients with AGC by comparing the efficacies and safeties of combination therapy versus monotherapy as first-line chemotherapy.

Efficacy and tolerability of ramucirumab monotherapy or in combination with paclitaxel in gastric cancer patients from the Expanded Access Program Cohort by the Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG).

Background: Ramucirumab improves survival in gastric cancer patients. The efficacy and safety of ramucirumab outside of a clinical trial were evaluated using an expanded access program (EAP).

Methods: Advanced gastric cancer patients treated with ramucirumab in combination with paclitaxel or with ramucirumab monotherapy in a Korean EAP were evaluated.

S-1 Based Doublet as an Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Curatively Resected Stage III Gastric Cancer: Results from the Randomized Phase III POST Trial.

Purpose: We conducted a randomized, multicenter, phase III trial to compare S-1 plus docetaxel (DS) with S-1 plus cisplatin (SP) as adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III gastric cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: Stage III gastric cancer patients who had received curative gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy were randomized into equal groups to receive adjuvant chemotherapy of eight cycles of DS (S-1 70 mg/m2 /day on days 1-14 plus docetaxel 35 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8) every 3 weeks or SP (S-1 70 mg/m2 /day on days 1-14 plus cisplatin 60 mg/m2 on day 1) every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate.

NecroX-5 prevents breast cancer metastasis by AKT inhibition via reducing intracellular calcium levels.

A major goal of breast cancer research is to prevent the molecular events that lead to tumour metastasis. It is well-established that both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in cell migration and metastasis. Accordingly, this study examined the molecular mechanisms of the anti-metastatic effects of NecroX-5, a mitochondrial ROS scavenger.

Efficacy and Toxicity of Mammalian Target Rapamycin Inhibitors in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma with Renal Insufficiency: The Korean Cancer Study Group GU 14-08.

Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of mammalian target rapamycin inhibitors in Korean patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) with chronic renal insufficiency not requiring dialysis.

Materials And Methods: Korean patients with mRCC and chronic renal insufficiency not requiring dialysis treated with everolimus or temsirolimus between January 2008 and December 2014 were included. Patient characteristics, clinical outcomes, and toxicities were evaluated.

Treatment outcomes of IMEP as a front-line chemotherapy for patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas.

Background: This study aimed to assess the treatment outcomes of ifosphamide, mesna, etoposide, and prednisolone (IMEP) combination regimen as a front-line chemotherapy in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs).

Methods: Clinical data of 38 newly diagnosed PTCLs patients who underwent IMEP at Busan Paik Hospital from January 2002 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: The overall response rate was 68.

Prognostic Model to Predict Survival Outcome for Curatively Resected Liposarcoma: A Multi-Institutional Experience.

Purpose: We performed this study to analyze the clinical features and prognosis of Korean patients with liposarcoma.

Patients & Methods: Between October 1986 and April 2013, 231 patients who were diagnosed with liposarcoma by histologic examination were enrolled in this study.

Results: The distribution of histologic subtypes was well-differentiated (n = 97, 42%), myxoid (n = 74, 32%), dedifferentiated (n = 32, 13.

Retrospective analysis of palliative chemotherapy for the patients with bladder adenocarcinoma: Korean Cancer Study Group Genitourinary and Gynecology Cancer Committee.

Background/aims: Because of rarity, role of chemotherapy of bladder adenocarcinoma are still unidentified. Therefore, we performed a retrospective analysis of the clinical features and chemotherapy outcomes of bladder adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Eligible patients for this retrospective analysis were initially diagnosed with bladder adenocarcinoma and presented with a clinically no other primary site of origin.

Prognostic implications of PIK3CA amplification in curatively resected liposarcoma.

Background: We investigated the epidemiologic characteristics and prognostic significance of PIK3CA mutations/amplifications in curative resected liposarcoma.

Patients And Methods: A total of 125 liposarcoma tissue samples were collected over a 12-year period. PIK3CA mutations and gene copy number amplifications were analyzed by pyrosequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

Ectopic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Arising from the Peritoneum in a Patient with a History of Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Case Report.

A subphrenic mass was noted on a surveillance computed tomography (CT) scan of a 65-year-old man who had achieved complete remission of oropharyngeal cancer after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The mass was 3.2 cm in size and showed a multilobular enhancing pattern along the peritoneal lining.

Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma Initially Presenting as Atypical Cervical Lymphadenopathy.

Primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC) is a rare cancer arising from the extraovarian peritoneum and is of müllerian origin. PPC and epithelial ovarian carcinoma share similar clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features. Clinical symptoms and findings include abdominal distension and ascites.

Addition of anti-neu antibody to local irradiation can improve tumor-bearing BALB/c mouse survival through immune-mediated mechanisms.

This study investigated the therapeutic effects of combined local irradiation and anti-HER2/neu antibody in a mixed tumor mouse model comprised of a nonmetastatic neu-positive tumor and a metastatic neu-negative tumor. While local irradiation alone could control the primary tumor in a dose-dependent manner, it did not improve mouse survival. Combined treatment comprised of local irradiation and anti-neu antibody of tumor-bearing BALB/c mice significantly improved mouse survival (P < 0.

Clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of HER2 expression in gastric cancer.

Background: HER2 positivity is reported to be <20% in gastric cancer. Clinicopathological characteristics will be helpful to understand the biological features of HER2-positive gastric cancer.

Methods: A total of 813 gastric cancer patients who underwent HER2 testing between January 2005 and December 2010 were included in this study.

Processed Aloe vera gel ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced immunotoxicity.

The effects of processed Aloe vera gel (PAG) on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced immunotoxicity were examined in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of CP significantly reduced the total number of lymphocytes and erythrocytes in the blood. Oral administration of PAG quickly restored CP-induced lymphopenia and erythropenia in a dose-dependent manner.

PTEN deficiency as a predictive biomarker of resistance to HER2-targeted therapy in advanced gastric cancer.

Background: To investigate the role of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway activation in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapy.

Methods: We evaluated the predictive roles of PI3K, catalytic alpha (PIK3CA), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in HER2-based therapy (either trastuzumab or lapatinib). PTEN expression and PIK3CA mutation were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and pyrosequencing.