The pattern of the distribution of incompetent segments within the great saphenous vein at C2 lower extremity: A report conforming to the 2024 IAC standards and guidelines.

Objectives: To analyze the distribution of incompetent segments in the great saphenous vein (GSV) in Clinical, Etiological, Anatomical, Pathophysiological (CEAP) classification C2 limbs to provide a reference for appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Methods: We analyzed the distributions of incompetent segments in the GSVs of the C2 lower extremity undergoing duplex ultrasound from September 2017 to December 2023. The examined segments were the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ), GSV at the proximal thigh, GSV at the knee, and GSV below the knee.

Clinical outcomes after treatment of incompetent saphenous vein combined with segmental popliteal vein reflux.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether differences exist in the quality of life changes and complication rates after treatment of incompetent saphenous vein (ISV) based on the presence of segmental popliteal vein reflux (SPVR).

Methods: Patients who underwent treatment for ISV from July 2016 to July 2021 were included and divided into two groups: patients without deep venous reflux (DVR) and patients with SPVR. Patients with axial DVR, a history of deep vein thrombosis, a history of orthopedic surgery, previous venous treatment, and no postoperative follow-up were excluded from the study.

Clinical Efficacy of a Modified Surgical Procedure in the Treatment of Incompetent Great Saphenous Veins.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a modified surgical procedure for the treatment of varicose veins.

Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted on lower extremities with symptomatic great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence that underwent stripping from the groin to the knee, with preservation of the superficial epigastric vein (SEV), between January 2015 and April 2022. Follow-up assessments were performed using Doppler ultrasound, Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), and the Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ) at 6 and 12 months after surgery.

Midterm results of radiofrequency ablation with multiple heat cycles for incompetent saphenous veins.

Objective: Recent reports suggest that the number of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) cycles impacts the depth of vein wall damage. This study evaluates the midterm occlusion rate after delivering increased energy during RFA of incompetent saphenous veins.

Methods: Between 2016 and 2019, consecutive patients who underwent RFA with multiple heat cycles were enrolled in the study.

Public awareness of chronic venous disease in Korea.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the current level of chronic venous disease (CVD) awareness and its relevant influencing factors.

Methods: Online and interview surveys were conducted in two distinct groups from May 14 to June 16, 2020. An online survey was conducted among 900 adults aged 20 to 64 years from the research database, whereas interviews were conducted among 124 patients who presented with CVD symptoms, which covered the awareness of such symptoms and their impact on quality of life.

Correlation of Clinical Class with Duplex Ultrasound Findings in Lower Limb Chronic Venous Disease.

Background: This study investigated the distribution of valve incompetence in patients with chronic venous disease (CVD) and its correlation with the clinical category of the clinical, etiological, anatomical, and pathophysiological (CEAP) classification.

Methods: In total, 1,386 limbs with clinically suspected CVD were categorized according to the CEAP classification and consecutively underwent duplex ultrasonography between April 2017 and December 2020.

Results: There were 362 limbs in male patients and 1,024 limbs in female patients.

Prognosis of reflux of the below-knee great saphenous vein after surgical or endovenous treatment of reflux of the above-knee great saphenous vein.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prognosis of preoperative reflux in the below-knee great saphenous vein (BK-GSV) after surgical or endovenous treatment of reflux of the above-knee GSV (AK-GSV) with concomitant stab avulsion of tributary varicosities and correlation between the results of preoperative duplex ultrasound (DUS) and postoperative reflux status of the BK-GSV.

Methods: From August 2015 to May 2018, there were 63 limbs (59 patients) with untreated primary varicose vein with reflux in the whole length of the GSV included in this study. The treatment methods were conventional surgery and radiofrequency ablation.

The Effect of Saphenous Vein Ablation on Combined Segmental Popliteal Vein Reflux.

Background: This study examined the role of superficial vein surgery in patients with combined superficial venous reflux and segmental popliteal vein reflux.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 42 limbs in 38 patients with combined superficial venous reflux and segmental popliteal vein reflux who underwent saphenous vein ablation between January 2014 and February 2017. Patients underwent outpatient follow-up duplex ultrasonography at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.

Effect of optogenetic manipulation of accumbal medium spiny neurons expressing dopamine D2 receptors in cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization.

Repetitive exposure to addictive drugs causes synaptic modification in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system. Dopamine D1 receptors (D1R) or D2 receptors (D2R) expressed in the medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) play critical roles in the control of addictive behaviors. Optogenetic activation of D2R-expressing MSNs (D2R-MSNs) in the NAc previously demonstrated that these neurons play a key role in withdrawal-induced plasticity.

Staple Line Coverage with a Polyglycolic Acid Patch and Fibrin Glue without Pleural Abrasion after Thoracoscopic Bullectomy for Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax.

Background: This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of staple line coverage using a polyglycolic acid patch and fibrin glue without pleural abrasion to prevent recurrent postoperative pneumothorax.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out of 116 operations performed between January 2011 and April 2013. During this period, staple lines were covered with a polyglycolic acid patch and fibrin glue in 58 cases (group A), while 58 cases underwent thoracoscopic bullectomy only (group B).

Midterm Clinical Outcomes after Modified High Ligation and Segmental Stripping of Incompetent Small Saphenous Veins.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the midterm clinical outcomes after modified high ligation and segmental stripping of small saphenous vein (SSV) varicosities.

Methods: Between January 2010 and March 2013, 62 patients (69 legs) with isolated primary small saphenous varicose veins were enrolled in this study. The outcomes measured were reflux in the remaining distal SSV, the recurrence of varicose veins, the improvement of preoperative symptoms, and the rate of postoperative complications.

Multiwall carbon nanotube and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) composite films for transistor and inverter devices.

Highly conductive multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polymerized with poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films were prepared by spin coating a mixture solution. The solution was prepared by dispersing MWNT in the PEDOT:PSS solution in water using ultrasonication without any oxidation process. The effect of the MWNT loading in the solution on the film properties such as surface roughness, work function, surface energy, optical transparency, and conductivity was studied.

Pleural epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare tumor of vascular origin. While it can be found in any tissue, it is most often found in lung and liver and usually has an intermediate behavior. EHEs originating from pleural tissue have been less frequently described than those from other sites.