A Rare Case of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Coexisting With Metastatic Tumor.

Background: Incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) associated with metastases of extraneural malignancies is rare. We report a rare case of CSH wherein most of the CSH cavity was occupied with metastatic cancer cells; in addition, we review the literature.

Case Description: A 68-year-old man with a history of gastric cancer presented to our hospital with dysarthria and shoulder paralysis; CSH was diagnosed from preoperative imaging findings.

Enlargement of Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the hypothalamus with progression into the basal ganglia and white matter.

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease that may affect the central nervous system; it is caused by dendritic cell proliferation, and typically occurs in children. LCH frequently appears in the pituitary stalk and rarely results in multiple enhanced lesions in the brain parenchyma.

Case Description: We present a case of a 40-year-old woman who deveolped panhypopituitarism and central diabetes insipidus in the postpartum period requiring hormone replacement therapy.

A GPI processing phospholipase A2, PGAP6, modulates Nodal signaling in embryos by shedding CRIPTO.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) can be shed from the cell membrane by GPI cleavage. In this study, we report a novel GPI-processing enzyme, termed post-glycosylphosphatidylinositol attachment to proteins 6 (PGAP6), which is a GPI-specific phospholipase A2 mainly localized at the cell surface. CRIPTO, a GPI-AP, which plays critical roles in early embryonic development by acting as a Nodal coreceptor, is a highly sensitive substrate of PGAP6, whereas CRYPTIC, a close homologue of CRIPTO, is not sensitive.

Clinical significance of CYLD downregulation in breast cancer.

Cylindromatosis (CYLD) is a tumor suppressor gene that is mutated in familial cylindromatosis, a rare autosomal dominant disorder associated with numerous benign skin adnexal tumors. CYLD is now known to regulate various signaling pathways, including transforming growth factor-β signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and NF-κB signaling by deubiquitinating upstream regulatory factors. Downregulation of CYLD has been reported in several malignancies; however, the clinical significance of CYLD expression in many malignancies, including breast cancer, remains to be elucidated.

Ethinylestradiol is beneficial for postmenopausal patients with heavily pre-treated metastatic breast cancer after prior aromatase inhibitor treatment: a prospective study.

Background: Oestrogens usually stimulate the progression of oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Paradoxically, high-dose oestrogens suppress the growth of these tumours in certain circumstances.

Methods: We prospectively examined the efficacy and safety of ethinylestradiol treatment (3 mg per day oral) in postmenopausal patients with advanced or recurrent ER-positive breast cancer who had previously received endocrine therapies, especially those with resistance to aromatase inhibitors.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the JPF-Questionnaire for German-speaking patients with functional temporomandibular joint disorders.

Objectives: Clinical research related to the management of the syndrome of temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction would be facilitated enormously between researchers in different locations around the world if a small number of patient-oriented questionnaires were to achieve wide acceptance. It would make comparison of therapeutic results possible. For this reason, a cross-cultural version of the Jaw Pain and Function (JPF)-Questionnaire was developed and validated for use in German-speaking patients with functional temporomandibular disorders.

Open versus arthroscopic surgery for internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint: a retrospective study comparing two centres' results using the Jaw Pain and Function Questionnaire.

Objectives: Surgical procedures currently used for treating of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint vary widely. Although different studies present favourable results following open or arthroscopic TMJ surgery, the criteria for a successful treatment outcome are not always defined identically. In a retrospective study, two groups of patients who underwent either open or arthroscopic surgery for internal derangement (stages III-V according to Wilkes' classification) were investigated using the so-called JPF-Questionnaire.

Outcomes of 152 temporomandibular joints following arthroscopic anterolateral capsular release by holmium: YAG laser or electrocautery.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical results and efficacy of arthroscopic anterolateral capsular release achieved through the use of a holmium:YAG laser or electrocautery for the management of patients with internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

Study Design: We studied internal derangement (106 joints) and osteoarthritis (46 joints) of the TMJ in 129 patients. Preoperatively, the mean mouth-opening degree was 31 mm and 129 TMJs exhibited moderate to severe arthralgia.

Does joint effusion on T2 magnetic resonance images reflect synovitis? Part 2. Comparison of concentration levels of proinflammatory cytokines and total protein in synovial fluid of the temporomandibular joint with internal derangements and osteoarthrosis.

Objective: We sought to clarify the nature of joint effusion (JE) on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by analysis of the synovial fluid in the superior compartment of patients with internal derangement and osteoarthrosis.

Study Design: One hundred symptomatic TMJs (100 patients) with 65 internal derangements and 35 osteoarthroses were scanned by means of magnetic resonance imaging, and, the synovial fluid was sampled on the same day. The amount of JE was evaluated on a scale of 0 to 3.

Does joint effusion on T2 magnetic resonance images reflect synovitis? Comparison of arthroscopic findings in internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of joint effusion (JE) in the temporomandibular joint by comparing T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images with arthroscopic findings.

Study Design: MR images of 47 symptomatic temporomandibular joints (47 patients) with internal derangement associated with painful hypomobility were taken to evaluate the degree of JE on a scale of 0 to 3. Within 2 months after MR images, arthroscopic findings with respect to the severity of synovitis, adhesion, and degenerative change in the superior compartment were each quantitatively assessed on a scale of 0 to 10.

Outcome of arthroscopic surgery to the temporomandibular joint correlates with stage of internal derangement: five-year follow-up study.

We studied the 5-year long-term outcome of arthroscopic surgery, and also investigated whether outcome correlates with stage of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). A consecutive group of 41 patients (56 joints) who had been followed up for between 3 and 5 years were involved in this study. The result was excellent in 22 patients (54%) and fair in 15 (37%).

Glycosaminoglycan components in temporomandibular joint synovial fluid as markers of joint pathology.

Purpose: This study investigated the correlation between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease and the composition of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) components in the synovial fluid (SF).

Materials And Methods: Synovial fluid (SF) was obtained from 30 TMJs of 28 female patients diagnosed as having a displaced disc with reduction (WR) (seven joints), a displaced disc without reduction (WOR) (13 joints), osteoarthritis (OA) (five joints), or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (five joints) by MR imaging and clinical examination. After the SF was directly aspirated, It was digested with chondroitinase ABC and hyaluronidase, and the concentration of unsaturated disaccharide isomers of chondroitin 6-sulfate (delta di-6S), chondroitin 4-sulfate (delta di-4S) and hyaluronic acid (delta di-HA) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with fluorometry.

Intra-articular levels of prostaglandin E2, hyaluronic acid, and chondroitin-4 and -6 sulfates in the temporomandibular joint synovial fluid of patients with internal derangement.

Purpose: This study was conducted to measure the intra-articular levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), hyaluronic acid, and chondroitin-4 and -6 sulfate in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement involving a closed lock, and to see if these levels correlate with the clinical or arthroscopic findings.

Patients And Methods: Fifteen female patients (16 joints) with a mean age of 36.7 years were diagnosed as having a closed lock by clinical examination and diagnostic MR imaging.

Synovial fluid cytokines and proteinases as markers of temporomandibular joint disease.

Purpose: In this article, biochemical markers in the synovial fluid (SF) for detecting intraarticular inflammation and early cartilage degradation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease were examined.

Patients And Methods: SF was obtained from 25 TMJs in 22 patients with internal derangement (ID) or osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA), 15 asymptomatic TMJs in 11 normal volunteers, and 10 osteoarthritic knee joints (KNEE-OA). Cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the proteinase activities were detected by enzymography.

The indications of arthroscopic sweep for the patient with internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint (T.M.J.).

The arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is recently recognized as the useful diagnostic manner as well as the alternative surgical procedures in the treatment of TMJ internal derangements. Arthroscopic surgery of the TMJ, which consists of arthroscopic sweep with lysis of adhesion and lavage of the upper joint compartment, is simple and less surgical invasive manner for the patient with closed lock. The instrumentation, procedure, patient management, and clinical evaluation are described.