Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Outcomes of Mass Cardiac Arrests Caused by A Crowd Crush.

Introduction: A crowd crush can lead to respiratory arrest and result in multiple mass cardiac arrests (MCAs), which are often classified as Black Tag in disaster triage. Recently, many laypersons have been commonly trained in compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) without ventilation support in various communities. This study aims to describe the characteristics of bystander CPR administered and the outcomes of MCAs during the Itaewon crowd crush incident.

The "invisible ceiling" of bystander CPR in three Asian countries: Descriptive study of national OHCA registry.

Background: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has increased in Singapore, Japan, and South Korea following the implementation of several public health, bystander-focused interventions, such as dispatcher-assisted CPR and community CPR training. It is unclear whether bystander CPR prevalence will continue on this trajectory over time. This study aimed to investigate the temporal trends of bystander CPR prevalence over a ten-year period in these three Asian countries.

Ethyl Formate Fumigation for Controlling Two Major Aphid Pests, and , on Passion Fruit, from Cultivation to Post-Harvest Storage.

Tropical and subtropical crops are being increasingly cultivated in South Korea, leading to an increase in damage by exotic insect pests. Consequently, ethyl formate (EF) is currently being considered for quarantine and pre-shipment fumigation. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of EF fumigation for controlling Patch and Glover, two representative quarantine pests on passion fruit ("Pink Bourbon") during greenhouse cultivation and post-harvest storage.

Effects of Transport to Trauma Centers on Survival Outcomes Among Severe Trauma Patients in Korea: Nationwide Age-Stratified Analysis.

Background: Previous studies showed that the prognosis for severe trauma patients is better after transport to trauma centers compared to non-trauma centers. However, the benefit from transport to trauma centers may differ according to age group. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of transport to trauma centers on survival outcomes in different age groups among severe trauma patients in Korea.

Effect of no-flow period on the vasopressor effect of initial epinephrine administration in cardiac arrest.

Objectives: Whether a longer no-flow (NF) interval affects the magnitude of response to epinephrine in the resuscitation has not been well studied. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of NF interval on the vasopressor effect of initial epinephrine administration in a porcine model.

Methods: We enrolled 20 pigs from two randomized porcine experimental studies using a ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest model.

Characteristic of school injuries in Asia: a cross-national, multi-center observational study.

Background: To prevent school injuries, thorough epidemiological data is an essential foundation. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of school injuries in Asia and explore risk factors for major trauma.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the participating centers of the Pan-Asian Trauma Outcome Study from October 2015 to December 2020.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Emergency Medical Service: An Analysis of Patient Transportations and Time Intervals.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) system in South Korea. The study focused on the differences in EMS time intervals following the COVID-19 outbreak, particularly for patients with fever.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of EMS patient transportation data from 2017 to 2022 was conducted using the national EMS database.

Measurement of level of consciousness by AVPU scale assessment system based on automated video and speech recognition technology.

Objective: To develop an alert/verbal/painful/unresponsive (AVPU) scale assessment system based on automated video and speech recognition technology (AVPU-AVSR) that can automatically assess a patient's level of consciousness and evaluate its performance through clinical simulation.

Methods: We developed an AVPU-AVSR system with a whole-body camera, face camera, and microphone. The AVPU-AVSR system automatically extracted essential audiovisual features to assess the AVPU score from the recorded video files.

Effect of first epinephrine administration time on cerebral perfusion pressure and cortical cerebral blood flow in a porcine cardiac arrest model.

Objective: The optimal time for epinephrine administration and its effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and microcirculation remain controversial. This study aimed to assess the effect of the first administration of epinephrine on cerebral perfusion pressure (CePP) and cortical CBF in porcine cardiac arrest model.

Methods: After 4 min of untreated ventricular fibrillation, eight of 24 swine were randomly assigned to the early, intermediate, and late groups.

Effect of chilling on the spring emergence of overwintering Eurytoma maslovskii (Eurytomidae: Hymenoptera).

This study investigated the effect of chilling temperature and duration on diapause termination in Eurytoma maslovskii, a major apricot pest in Korea and China. The experimental insects were sampled in mid-autumn. Overwintering larvae were subjected to a temperature range at -16, -4, 2, 9, 13 °C for 12 wk (a temperature of 19 °C was used for nonchilled control), and then exposed to cold temperature (2 °C) for different durations (from 1 to 16, 19, and 22 wk) at different times (20 September and 30 November) to determine adult emergence, prolonged larval diapause, and development rate postchilling.

Development of an artificial intelligence bacteremia prediction model and evaluation of its impact on physician predictions focusing on uncertainty.

Prediction of bacteremia is a clinically important but challenging task. An artificial intelligence (AI) model has the potential to facilitate early bacteremia prediction, aiding emergency department (ED) physicians in making timely decisions and reducing unnecessary medical costs. In this study, we developed and externally validated a Bayesian neural network-based AI bacteremia prediction model (AI-BPM).

Development of a prediction model for emergency medical service witnessed traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A multicenter cohort study.

Background/purpose: To develop a prediction model for emergency medical technicians (EMTs) to identify trauma patients at high risk of deterioration to emergency medical service (EMS)-witnessed traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) on the scene or en route.

Methods: We developed a prediction model using the classical cross-validation method from the Pan-Asia Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS) database from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020. Eligible patients aged ≥18 years were transported to the hospital by the EMS.

Discriminant ability of the shock index, modified shock index, and reverse shock index multiplied by the Glasgow coma scale on mortality in adult trauma patients: a PATOS retrospective cohort study.

Background: The shock index (SI) predicts short-term mortality in trauma patients. Other shock indices have been developed to improve discriminant accuracy. The authors examined the discriminant ability of the SI, modified SI (MSI), and reverse SI multiplied by the Glasgow Coma Scale (rSIG) on short-term mortality and functional outcomes.

Association between Case Volumes of Extracorporeal Life Support and Clinical Outcome in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Aim: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is increasing. There is little evidence identifying the association between hospital ECLS case volumes and outcomes in different populations receiving ECLS or conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The goal of this investigation was to identify the association between ECLS case volumes and clinical outcomes of OHCA patients.

Evaluation of Socioeconomic Position and Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Korea Using Structural Equation Modeling.

Importance: The association between low socioeconomic position (SEP) and poor survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has not been thoroughly investigated.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between individual SEP and survival after OHCA and to identify any mediating pathways using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This is a retrospective cohort study that used data collected from January 2013 to December 2019.

Ethyl Formate Fumigation for Control of the Scale Insect , a Quarantine Pest on Sweet Persimmon, : Efficacy, Phytotoxicity and Safety.

Sweet persimmons are a valuable export commodity. However, the presence of live insects such as limits their access to many export markets. Methyl bromide, traditionally used for pest control, is damaging to human health and the environment.

Interaction between bystander sex and patient sex in bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation for Out-of-Hospital cardiac arrests.

Background: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a critical factor in improving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction effect of bystander sex and patient sex on the provision of bystander CPR.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using national OHCA registry in Korea.

Conventional Versus Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Interpretation of Chest Radiographs in Patients With Acute Respiratory Symptoms in Emergency Department: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: It is unknown whether artificial intelligence-based computer-aided detection (AI-CAD) can enhance the accuracy of chest radiograph (CR) interpretation in real-world clinical practice. We aimed to compare the accuracy of CR interpretation assisted by AI-CAD to that of conventional interpretation in patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) with acute respiratory symptoms using a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent CRs for acute respiratory symptoms at the ED of a tertiary referral institution were randomly assigned to intervention group (with assistance from an AI-CAD for CR interpretation) or control group (without AI assistance).

Prediction of Increased Intracranial Pressure in Traumatic Brain Injury Using Quantitative Electroencephalogram in a Porcine Experimental Model.

Continuous and non-invasive measurement of intracranial pressure (ICP) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is important to recognize increased ICP (IICP), which can reduce treatment delays. The purpose of this study was to develop an electroencephalogram (EEG)-based prediction model for IICP in a porcine TBI model. Thirty swine were anaesthetized and underwent IICP by inflating a Foley catheter in the intracranial space.