Nutritional value of common carbohydrate sources used in pet foods.

Diet digestibility can vary based on factors such as the type of ingredients, processing techniques, formulation, fiber content, and nutrient interactions. Unlike proteins and fats, there is no specific carbohydrate requirement, which typically constitutes 30%-60% of commercial dried dog foods. Because of the significant proportion of carbohydrates in dog food, this study aimed to evaluate the differences in nutrient digestibility among barley, brown rice, corn, mung bean, and rice, which are common carbohydrate sources in commercial dog foods.

Immunostimulatory effects of rhamnogalacturonan-I fraction purified from Glycyrrhiza glabra roots on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice.

The present study aimed to investigate the immunostimulatory activities of polysaccharides purified from Glycyrrhiza glabra root. First, five polysaccharide fractions were separated from G. glabra through hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, enzymatic hydrolysis, and size exclusion chromatography.

The practical feasibility of bismuth oxyhalide semiconductors with controlled surface defects in photocatalytic degradation of toluene in air.

The photocatalytic degradation (PCD) of toluene (as model aromatic volatile organic compound (VOC)) is studied using two-dimensional semiconductors (bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX (X = Cl and Br)) synthesized with surface defects (BiOX-R (R = reduction)) through a solvothermal-induced reduction process. The PCD efficiency of BiOCl-R against 5 ppm toluene (20 % relative humidity (RH)) is 98.6 % under ultraviolet light irradiation with the quantum yield and clean air delivery rate of 1.

Leuconostoc aquikimchii sp. nov., a Lactic Acid Bacterium Isolated from Cabbage Watery Kimchi.

Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-hemolytic, coccoid-shaped bacterial strains, designated MS01 and MS02, were isolated from cabbage watery kimchi in the Republic of Korea. Cellular growth occurred at 5-25 ℃ (optimum, 20 ℃), pH 5-8 (optimum, pH 7) and in the presence of 0-5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1%). Results of 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analyses showed that strains MS01 and MS02 shared identical sequences, clustered within the Leuconostoc clade in phylogenetic trees, and were most closely related to Leuconostoc inhae IH003 and Leuconostoc gasicomitatum LMG 18811 with sequence similarities of 98.

Deodeokaloid, a New Indole Alkaloid -Glycoside and Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from the Roots of .

, commonly known as the bonnet bellflower or deodeok, is primarily found in Eastern Asia. Its roots have been used traditionally across Asia to treat various ailments such as bronchitis, coughs, asthma, and inflammation. In our ongoing efforts to discover bioactive natural products, a phytochemical investigation of the -BuOH fraction of root extracts led to the isolation and identification of a new indole alkaloid -glycoside, deodeokaloid (D-indole-3-lactic acid -β-D-glucopyranoside) (), alongside known compounds tangshenoside I (), tangshenoside IV (), and chlorogenic acid () through HPLC purification.

Assessment of interfering/synergistic effects in the adsorption between polar and non-polar VOCs on a commercial biomass-based microporous carbon.

This research has been carried out to investigate unique relationships in adsorption behavior between polar and non-polar volatile organic compounds (VOCs: formaldehyde (FA) versus toluene) using commercial macadamia nutshell (MNS)-based microporous activated carbon (i.e., Procarb-900: namely, P900).

Improving plant salt tolerance through sp. nov., isolated from the halophyte .

, commonly known as glasswort, thrives in reclaimed land and coastal areas with high salinity, demonstrating remarkable adaptation to the arid conditions of such environments. Two aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated TR-M5 and TR-M9, were isolated from the root of plants. These bacteria exhibit plant growth-promoting and salt tolerance-enhancing abilities, which have not been reported in other species of the genus.

Facile synthesis of activated carbon/titanium dioxide composite and its application for adsorptive/photocatalytic removal of gaseous toluene.

The practical utility of activated carbon/titanium dioxide (AC/TiO) composite has been investigated for the abatement of a common aromatic volatile organic compound (VOC), toluene. The adsorption and photocatalytic performance of the prepared AC/TiO composites (ACT-x: x as the theoretical mass ratio (in percent) of AC over TiO ranging from 0% to 10%) is evaluated individually against gaseous toluene using a packed flow tube reactor under varying operational conditions (e.g.

Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Cytotoxic Effects of Endophytic Species Isolated from the Himalayan Regions of Nepal and Their Metabolite Study.

Recently, antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and cancers have emerged as serious global health problems, highlighting the immediate need for novel therapeutics. Consequently, we aimed to isolate and characterize endophytic strains from the rhizospheres of the Himalayan region of Nepal and identify specialized metabolites with antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic potential. To isolate sp.

sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the gut of marine sandworm ().

A novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and ovoid cocci, designated as A1S7, was isolated from the gut of a marine sandworm (). Strain A1S7 exhibited optimal growth at temperatures of 20-30 ℃, pH 6-8 and in the presence of 2-4% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain A1S7 belonged to the genus , exhibiting a similarity of 99.

Vaginal lactobacilli produce anti-inflammatory β-carboline compounds.

The optimal vaginal microbiome is a Lactobacillus-dominant community. Apart from Lactobacillus iners, the presence of Lactobacillus species is associated with reduced vaginal inflammation and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Loss of Lactobacillus-dominance is associated with inflammatory conditions, such as bacterial vaginosis (BV).

Tumor immunogenicity regulates host immune responses, and conventional dendritic cell type 2 uptakes the majority of tumor antigens in an orthotopic lung cancer model.

Human lung cancer carries high genetic alterations, expressing high tumor-specific neoantigens. Although orthotopic murine lung cancer models recapitulate many characteristics of human lung cancers, genetically engineered mouse models have fewer somatic mutations than human lung cancer, resulting in scarce immune cell infiltration and deficient immune responses. The endogenous mouse lung cancer model driven by Kras mutation and Trp53 deletion (KP model) has minimal immune infiltration because of a scarcity of neoantigens.

Conductive Bio-Harvesting Tonic (CBT) with an Anti-Dandruff Effect Enhances Hair Growth by Utilizing Naturally Generated Electric Energy during Human Activities.

Alopecia, while not life-threatening, significantly impacts mental health, identity, and self-esteem of those afflicted. Current pharmacological and surgical treatments often have side effects and are limited in their ability to regenerate hair follicles (HF). Therefore, effective solutions for alopecia remain elusive.

The potential utility of dendritic fibrous nanosilica as an adsorbent and a catalyst in carbon capture, utilization, and storage.

Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG; , CO) are regarded as the most critical cause of the current global climate crisis. To combat this issue, a plethora of CO capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies have been proposed and developed based on a number of technical principles (, post-combustion capture, chemical looping, and catalytic conversion). In this light, the potential utility of dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) materials is recognized for specific CCUS applications (such as adsorptive capture of CO and its catalytic conversion into a list of value-added products (, methane, carbon monoxide, and cyclic carbonates)) with the highly tunable properties (, high surface area, pore volume, multifunctional surface, and open pore structure).

Natural product anticipation via chemical synthesis: Discovery of two new securinega alkaloids.

The isolation of a natural product conventionally precedes its chemical synthesis. Often, the isolation and structure determination of a natural product present in minute quantities in its natural source pose formidable challenges, akin to finding "a needle in a haystack." On the other hand, leveraging plausible biosynthetic insights and biomimetic synthetic expertise would allow for the prior synthesis of presumed natural products, followed by their verification in natural sources.

In-use stability of Rituximab and IVIG during intravenous infusion: Impact of peristaltic pump, IV bags, flow rate, and plastic syringes.

This study investigates the impact of intravenous (IV) infusion protocols on the stability of Intravenous Immunoglobulin G (IVIG) and Rituximab, with a particular focus on subvisible particle generation. Infusion set based on peristaltic movement (Medifusion DI-2000 pump) was compared to a gravity-based infusion system (Accu-Drip) at different flow rates. The impacts of different diluents (0.

Potential skin anti-aging effects of main phenolic compounds, tremulacin and tremuloidin from Salix chaenomeloides leaves on TNF-α-stimulated human dermal fibroblasts.

The genus Salix spp. has long been recognized as a healing herb for its use in treating fever, inflammation, and pain relief, as well as a food source for its nutritional value. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential bioactive natural products in the leaves of Salix chaenomeloides, commonly known as Korean pussy willow, for their protective effects against skin damage, including aging.

Reactive adsorption and catalytic oxidation of gaseous hydrogen sulfide using a prototype air purifier built with bismuth-doped titanium dioxide.

A prototype air purifier (AP) module has been constructed using bismuth-doped titanium dioxide (Bi-P25: x(%) as Bi/Ti molar ratios of 1.1, 2.1, 3.