Flavonoids Derived from the Roots of Inhibit the Activity of SARS-CoV Papain-like Protease.

Despite the now infamous coronavirus disease outbreaks caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), this virus continues to be a threat to the global population. Although a huge research effort has targeted SARS-CoV, no report exists regarding natural small molecules targeting one of its key enzymes, papain-like protease (PLpro). In this study, nine flavonoids displaying SARS-CoV PLpro inhibitory activity were isolated from the root bark of .

Bacterial neuraminidase inhibitory chalcones from flowers of Coreopsis lanceolata, their kinetic characterization and antibiofilm effect.

Background: Bacteria within biofilms are thousand times more resistant to antibiotics. Neuraminidase is a crucial enzyme for bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, it hydrolyzes glycosidic residue of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and oligosaccharides. Coreopsis lanceolata L.

Analogues of Dihydroflavonol and Flavone as Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors from the Leaves of .

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is one of the target enzymes whose disruption leads to obesity and diabetes. A series of PTP1B inhibitors were isolated from the leaves of , used in traditional medicines for diabetes. The isolated inhibitors (), including two new compounds ( and ), consisted of dihydroflavonols and flavones.

Isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves (Glycine max) restore loss of dermal collagen fibers induced by ovariectomy in the Sprague Dawley rats.

Phytoestrogens, such as isoflavones, are known for their capacity to simulate various physiological impacts of estrogen in the human body. Our research evaluated the effects of isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves (IESL) on collagen fiber loss prompted by ovariectomy in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, thereby simulating menopausal changes in women. IESL, bolstered with an increased concentration of isoflavones through a metabolite farming process, contained a significantly higher amount of isoflavones than regular soybean leaves.

New Class of Tyrosinase Inhibitors, Rotenoids, from .

A series of rotenoids including a new one from the seeds of were found to have significant potential as tyrosinase inhibitors. All of the isolated rotenoids () displayed inhibitory activity against tyrosinase, both as a monophenolase for the oxidation of l-tyrosine and as a diphenolase for the oxidation of l-DOPA. The three most active compounds (, , and ) showed significant monophenolase inhibition with IC values of 2.

Investigation of bacterial neuraminidase inhibition of xanthones bearing geranyl and prenyl groups from .

The root of has been widely used as Chinese folk medicine to cure fevers, burns, and abdominal complications because it contains various bioactive metabolites such as xanthones, triterpenes, and flavonoids. In this study, we estimated bacterial neuraminidase inhibition with a series of xanthones from . BNA has connected to various biological functions such as pathogenic bacteria infection inflammatory process after infection and biofilm formation.

Antioxidant potentials of furanodihydrobenzoxanthones from Artocarpus elasticus and their protection against oxLDL induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells.

Exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), converting them into oxidized ones (oxLDL), which are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, suggesting a potential link between lipid dysregulation and neurodegenerative processes. Phenolic metabolites derived from Artocarpus elasticus root bark were found to possess significant antioxidant properties at three different radical scavenging assays, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Among them, furanodihydrobenzoxanthones (1-3) demonstrated notable protection against Cu induced LDL oxidation, with IC values ranging from 0.

Inhibitory Potential of Quercetin Derivatives Isolated from the Aerial Parts of Makino against Bacterial Neuraminidase.

This study aimed to isolate bacterial neuraminidase (BNA) inhibitory O-methylated quercetin derivatives from the aerial parts of . All the isolated compounds were identified as O-methylated quercetin (-), which were exhibited to be noncompetitive inhibitors against BNA, with IC ranging from 14.0 to 84.

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Enhances Phytoestrogen Accumulation in Soy Plants ( L.) by Its Acceleration of the Isoflavone Biosynthetic Pathway.

The low levels of bioactive metabolites in target plants present a bottleneck for the functional food industry. The major disadvantage of soy leaves is their low phytoestrogen content despite the fact that these leaves are an enriched source of flavonols. Our study demonstrated that simple foliar spraying with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) significantly enhanced the phytoestrogen contents of the whole soy plant, including its leaves (27-fold), stalks (3-fold), and roots (4-fold).

Isoflavone-Enriched Soybean Leaves (Glycine Max) Alleviate Cognitive Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy and Modulate PI3K/Akt Signaling in the Hippocampus of C57BL6 Mice.

(1) Background: The estrogen decline during perimenopause can induce various disorders, including cognitive impairment. Phytoestrogens, such as isoflavones, lignans, and coumestans, have been tried as a popular alternative to avoid the side effects of conventional hormone replacement therapy, but their exact mechanisms and risk are not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves (IESLs) on the cognitive impairment induced by ovariectomy in female mice.

Changes in secondary metabolites in soybean ( L.) roots by salicylic acid treatment and their anti-LDL oxidation effects.

Abundance of metabolites in plant is a critical factor toward being functional food stuff. Salicylic acid (SA) treatment led significant changes in levels of the secondary metabolites in soybean roots. Notably, the exposure of 3 mM of SA aqueous solution to soybean plants for 24 h resulted in distinctive increases in the levels of coumestrol (16-fold, 0.

Amorphigenin from L. Root Extract Induces Autophagy-Mediated Melanosome Degradation in mTOR-Independent- and AMPK-Dependent Manner.

In this study, we investigated the depigmentation effect of L. root extract (RE), an herbal medicine. RE significantly induced depigmentation in α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells at noncytotoxic concentrations.

New dihydrobenzoxanthone derivatives with bacterial neuraminidase inhibitory activity isolated from Artocarpus elasticus.

Artocarpus elasticus is a popular fruit tree in the tropical regions. Primary screenings of methanol extracts of the root bark confirmed its potent inhibition of bacterial neuraminidase (BNA), which plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of many microbial diseases. Assessments of the responsible phytochemicals were conducted by isolating eight compounds (1-8) and two of them (6 and 8) were identified as new compounds.

Soybean phytochemicals responsible for bacterial neuraminidase inhibition and their characterization by UPLC-ESI-TOF/MS.

Ethanol extract of soybean ( (L.) Merr.) showed good inhibitory activity against bacterial neuraminidase (BNA), which plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of a number of microbial diseases.

Inhibition of Bacterial Neuraminidase and Biofilm Formation by Ugonins Isolated From (L.) Hook.

Bacterial neuraminidase (BNA) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of several microbial diseases including biofilm formation. The aim of this study is to reveal the neuraminidase inhibitory potential of metabolites from (L.) Hook.

Host tp53 mutation induces gut dysbiosis eliciting inflammation through disturbed sialic acid metabolism.

Background: Host tp53 mutations are frequently found during the early stages of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), but whether such mutations induce gut microbiota dysbiosis and chronic intestinal inflammation that contributes to the development of CAC, remains unknown.

Results: We found that zebrafish tp53 mutant larvae exhibited elevated intestinal inflammation, by monitoring the NFκB activity in the mid-distal intestines of zebrafish larvae using an NFκB:EGFP transgenic reporter line in vivo as well as neutrophil infiltration into the intestine. This inflammation was due to dysbiotic gut microbiota with reduced diversity, revealed using both 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and a germfree larva model.

Iridal-Type Triterpenoids Displaying Human Neutrophil Elastase Inhibition and Anti-Inflammatory Effects from .

The aim of this study is to explore anti-inflammatory phytochemicals from based on the inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzyme, human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage. Three stereoisomers of iridal-type triterpenoids (-) were isolated from the roots of and their stereochemistries were completely identified by NOESY spectra.

A Significant Change in Free Amino Acids of Soybean ( L. Merr) through Ethylene Application.

In this study, the changes in free amino acids of soybean leaves after ethylene application were characterized based on quantitative and metabolomic analyses. All essential and nonessential amino acids in soybean leaves were enhanced by fivefold (250 to 1284 mg/100 g) and sixfold (544 to 3478 mg/100 g), respectively, via ethylene application. In particular, it was found that asparagine is the main component, comprising approximately 41% of the total amino acids with a twenty-five fold increase (78 to 1971 mg/100 g).

Inhibitory mechanism of O-methylated quercetins, highly potent β-secretase inhibitors isolated from Caragana balchaschensis (Kom.) Pojark.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Caragana has a standing history of implementation in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Most species of this genus have been explored for multi-functional purposes, such as promoting blood circulation and curing neuralgia, fatigue, migraine, arthritis, and vascular hypertension (Meng et al., 2009).

Effectiveness of cyclohexyl functionality in ugonins from Helminthostachys zeylanica to PTP1B and α-glucosidase inhibitions.

Ugonins are unique flavonoids with cyclohexyl motif from Helminthostachys zeylanica. Ugonins (1-6) from the target plant displayed significant inhibitions against both PTP1B (ICs = 0.6-7.

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition and Anti-LDL Oxidation by Prenylated Isoflavones from Root.

Xanthine oxidase is a frontier enzyme to produce oxidants, which leads to inflammation in the blood. Prenylated isoflavones from were found to display potent inhibition against xanthine oxidase (XO). All isolates (-) inhibited XO enzyme with IC ranging 7.

Tyrosinase Inhibition and Kinetic Details of Puerol A Having But-2-Enolide Structure from .

Puerol A () from showed highly potent inhibition against both monophenolase (IC = 2.2 μM) and diphenolase (IC = 3.8 μM) of tyrosinase.

Competitive α-glucosidase inhibitors, dihydrobenzoxanthones, from the barks of .

This study aimed to search the α-glucosidase inhibitors from the barks part of . The responsible compounds for α-glucosidase inhibition were found out as dihydrobenzoxanthones (-) and alkylated flavones (-). All compounds showed a significant enzyme inhibition toward α-glucosidase with ICs of 7.

Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitory polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols from the flowers of Hypericum ascyron.

In the course of an investigation of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) associated with inflammation, the extract of the flower parts of Hypericum ascyron showed a significant influence to HNE. The responsible metabolites to HNE inhibition were found to be eight polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols, PPAPs (1-8) which showed IC ranges between 2.4 and 19.