Partial Lipectomy of the Epididymal Fat Alters Expression of the Steroidogenic Enzymes in the Mouse Testis at Different Postnatal Ages.

The epididymal fat is a type of gonadal adipose tissue, which is localized closely to the testis. Even though it has been suggested that the epididymal fat is necessary for maintenance of spermatogenesis in the testis, the influence of epididymal fat on expression of testicular steroidogenic enzymes has not been examined. In the present research, expressional changes of steroidogenic enzymes in the mouse testis after 2 weeks of the surgical partial lipectomy of epididymal fat at different postnatal ages were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis.

sp. nov. and sp. nov., isolated from soil.

Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow and rod-shaped bacteria, designated as strains PBS4-4 and GMJ5, were isolated from soil samples collected in Goyang-si and Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Strains PBS4-4 and GMJ5 were both positive for catalase and oxidase. Strain PBS4-4 grew at 15-37 °C and pH 5.

Expressional Evaluation of C/EBP Family, SREBP1, and Steroid Hormone Receptors in the Epididiymal Fat of Postnatally Developing Mouse.

The differentiation and development of preadipocyte into mature adipocyte e regulated by transcription factors, such as CCAAT enhancer binding protein () gene family and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (). Steroid hormones give influences on the development and function of adipocyte. The present resech examined expression patterns of CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (), CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (), CCAAT enhancer binding protein gamma (), sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (), androgen receptor (), and estrogen receptors () among different epididymal fat pts during postnatal period by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Expressional Modulation of Aquaporin 1 and 9 in the Rat Epididymis by an Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid, Nandrolone Decanoate.

The spermatozoa become mature in the epididymis which is divided into initial segment and caput, corpus, and cauda epididymis. The water movement across the epididymal epithelium is important for creating luminal microenvironment for sperm maturation. Aquaporins (s) are water channel proteins, and expression of s is regulated by androgens.

Assessment of testicular steroidogenic enzymes expression in experimental animal model following withdrawal of nandrolone decanoate.

Anabolic steroids are frequently used to increase the growth rate of meat-producing animals. Exposure to an anabolic-androgenic steroid, nandrolone decanoate (ND), is associated with expressional reduction of testicular steroidogenic enzymes. However, the effect of withdrawal of ND exposure on the expression of these testicular molecules has not been thoroughly explored.

Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Peel (CUP) Flavonoids on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells.

is a popular medicinal herb in several Asian countries, in particular South Korea. peel (CUP) has several biologically active compounds, including flavonoids. Hence, this research aimed to label the flavonoids from CUP by HPLC-MS/MS analysis and examine their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.

Expression of Adipocyte-Associated Genes in the Mouse Tail Epididymal Fat at Different Postnatal Ages.

The fat pad defined as the epididymal fat is located at the head part of the epididymis. However, another fat mass is present near the caudal epididymis, named tail epididymal fat. The present research was focused to determine the expression of adipocyte-associated molecules in the mouse tail epididymal fat at different postnatal ages, including 2, 5, 8, and 12 months of age.

Postnatal Expressional Patterns of Adipose-Associated Molecules in the Mouse Proximal Epididymal Fat.

The epididymal fat pad is a male gonadal adipocyte tissue and is histochemically separated into distal and proximal parts. The development of epididymal fat during postnatal period has not been examined in detail. A previous research showed that expression of adipocyte-associated molecules in the distal epididymal fat of mouse is generally increased as postnatally aged.

Differential Expression of Adipocyte-Related Molecules in the Distal Epididymal Fat of Mouse during Postnatal Period.

The epididymal fat of mouse is a part of visceral fat deposit and is divided into the distal or proximal part based on its histochemical characteristics. Even though the formation of the epididymal fat pad begins before the birth, a detailed adipogenic procedure of the epididymal fat has not been revealed. The epididymal fat pad becomes enlarged and expended with age, and expressional changes of numerous genes are associated with the maturation of fat tissues.

Subchronic toxicity evaluation of ethanol extract of Cassia tora L. seeds in rats.

Cassia tora Linn. is an annual or perennial plant of the Fabaceae/Leguminosae family. It is used in traditional medicine for various biological activities including anti-constipation, anti-inflammatory, visual acuity, and hepato-protective activities.

A 90-Day Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity Study of Aqueous Extract in Rats.

(AR), the dried rhizome of (Sam.) Juzep, is a well-known, traditional medicine that is used for the various biological activities including as a diuretic, to lower cholesterol and as an anti-inflammatory agent. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential toxicity of the aqueous extract (ARAE) following 90-day repeated oral administration to Sprague-Dawley rats.

Water Extract of Rhizoma Attenuates Features of Rheumatoid Arthritis in DBA/1 Mice.

The dry rhizome of Solander, known as Rhizoma, is used to treat dementia, stroke, eczema, and indigestion in traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Korean medicine, and traditional Japanese Kampo medicine. Previous studies have reported that Rhizoma extract ameliorated cognitive impairment in A1-42 injected mice. However, the effect of Rhizoma on type II collagen induced arthritis (CIA) has not been elucidated.

Expressional Patterns of Adipocyte-Associated Molecules in the Rat Epididymal Fat during Postnatal Development Period.

The adipogenesis is a maturation process of pre-adipocyte cell into mature lipid-filled adipocyte cell. The adipogenesis begins at the late prenatal stage and continues until the early postnatal age. Because the adipogenesis and formation of adipose tissue persist during postnatal period and are precisely regulated by the action of numerous gene products, the present research was attempted to determine the expressional patterns of adipose tissue-associated genes in the rat epididymal fat pad at different postnatal ages, from 7 days to 2 years of ages, using a quantitative real-time PCR analysis.

Effect of Saururus chinensis leaves extract on type II collagen-induced arthritis mouse model.

Background: Saururus chinensis leaves have been used as traditional medicine in Korea for pain, intoxication, edema, and furuncle. According to previous reports, these leaves exert renoprotective, neuroprotective, and antioxidant effects by attenuating inflammatory responses. However, the beneficial effect of Saururus chinensis leaves on arthritis has not been elucidated.

Supplemental Method for Reduction of Irreducible Mallet Finger Fractures by the 2-Extension Block Technique: The Dorsal Counterforce Technique.

Purpose: We suggest a method to achieve anatomical reduction in mallet finger fractures that are insufficiently treated by the 2-extension block wire technique.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 18 patients who were found to have an irreducible dorsal fragment and distal interphalangeal joint incongruence owing to rotation of the dorsal fragment in the sagittal plane. In these cases, we additionally employed a dorsal counterforce technique to supplement the 2-extension block technique.

Fixed Anterior Position of Ulnar Nerve around Medial Condyle of Elbow with Bony Mass Causing Cubital Tunnel Syndrome.

A 20-year-old male has presented with mild numbness and tingling sensation at 4, 5 finger of his left hand. Simple radiograph and MRI images revealed bony mass at medial joint space of ulno-humeral joint. After surgical exploration, we found that there were two cause of ulnar nerve irritation symptom.

Expressional Patterns of Connexin Isoforms in the Rat Epididymal Fat during Postnatal Development.

In the multicellular tissue, cell-cell interaction is important for a precise control of its function. The exchange of signaling molecules between adjacent cells via connexon allows the functional harmony of cells in the tissue. The present research was to determine the presence and expressional patterns of connexin () isoforms in the rat epididymal fat during postnatal development using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.

Comparison of the Effects of Nonfermented and Fermented Panax ginseng Root Against Hypertriglycemia in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice.

Panax ginseng (P. ginseng C.A.

Effects of nandrolone decanoate on expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the rat testis.

Objective: Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is an anabolic-androgenic steroid frequently used for clinical treatment. However, the inappropriate use of ND results in the reduction of serum testosterone level and sperm production. The suppressive effect of ND on testosterone production has not been investigated in detail.

Aberrant Expression of Isoforms in the Adult Caput Epididymis exposed to Estradiol Benzoate or Flutamide at the Weaning.

Connexin () involves in the regulation of various physiological functions of tissue by forming a channel, a gap junction which allows direct cell-cell communication, between adjacent cells. The effect of a single subcutaneous treatment of estradiol benzoate (EB) or flutamide (Flu) at the weaning age on the expression of isoforms in the adult caput epididymis was evaluated in this research. Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis, a low-dose of EB [0.

Expressional Changes of Connexin Isoform Genes in the Rat Caput Epididymis Exposed to Flutamide or Estradiol Benzoate at the Early Postnatal Age.

Direct communication between neighboring cells through connexin ()-based gap junction is a crucial biolo-gical manner to regulate functions of a tissue consisting of multi-cell types. The present research evaluated expressional changes of isoforms in the caput epididymis of adult rat exposed to estradiol benzoate (EB) or flutamide (Flu) at the early postnatal age. A single subcutaneous administration of EB at a low-dose [0.

Effects of Exposure to Estradiol Benzoate or Flutamide at the Weaning Age on Expression of Connexins in the Caudal Epididymis of Adult Rat.

The present research was chiefly designed to determine the effect of the treatment of estrogenic agonist, estradiol benzoate (EB), or antiandrogenic compound, flutamide (Flu), at the weaning age on the expression of connexin () isoforms in the caudal epididymis of adult male rat. Animals were subcutaneously administrated with a single shot of either EB at a low-dose (0.015 µg of EB/kg body weight (BW)) or a high-dose (1.

Radiological characteristics of Kienböck's disease in the Korean population.

Purpose: In Kienböck's disease, the wrist displays certain characteristic radiological parameters, which have been reported to differ among countries. In the present study, we aimed to identify specific radiological parameters of the unaffected wrists in patients with unilateral Kienböck's disease and to determine the extent of the association of each parameter with the disease in Korea.

Methods: This retrospective case-control study assessed the radiological parameters of patients with Kienböck's disease ( n = 53) and controls ( n = 53), who visited our institution between January 2000 and May 2013.