Generative adversarial network for automatic quantification of Coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia on chest radiographs.

Purpose: To develop a generative adversarial network (GAN) to quantify COVID-19 pneumonia on chest radiographs automatically.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 50,000 consecutive non-COVID-19 chest CT scans in 2015-2017 for training. Anteroposterior virtual chest, lung, and pneumonia radiographs were generated from whole, segmented lung, and pneumonia pixels from each CT scan.

Comparison of Antibody Response Elicited by ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine.

Background: ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 vaccines are currently commonly used against coronavirus disease 2019 worldwide. Our study was designed to determine the serostatus and relative levels of anti-S and neutralizing antibodies in patients who were administered either ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccine. In addition, we investigated whether the antibody response to each vaccine differed according to sex and age.

Reactogenicity after the first and second doses of BNT162b2 mRNA coronavirus disease vaccine: a single-center study.

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine differences in adverse events associated with the first and second doses of the BNT162b2 coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine based on the age and sex of recipients.

Materials And Methods: An online survey on the post-vaccination adverse events of healthcare workers was conducted from March 2021 to April 2021. The differences in the types of adverse events, including severity, onset time, and duration of symptoms, and how the adverse events were dealt with by the patient were analyzed based on the age and sex.

Rapidly Declining SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titers within 4 Months after BNT162b2 Vaccination.

The efficacy and safety of the BNT162b2 vaccine are known, but antibodies are expected to decrease over time after vaccination. We collected blood samples from 104 fully vaccinated health care workers at 3 and 5 weeks after first vaccination and 4 months after second vaccination. Antibody titers and neutralizing antibodies were measured.

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response to the BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in Persons with Past Natural Infection.

There are still no agreed guidelines on the vaccination of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for previously infected patients. Here, we present two seropositive healthcare workers (HCWs) working in an isolation ward who recovered from COVID-19 in April 2020 and got vaccinated with BNT162b2 vaccine in March 2021. We have assessed the clinical course, vaccine-related adverse events, and antibody response after natural infection and after first and second dose vaccination.

Estimating the Force of Infection with in Japan.

Background: Although the seroprevalence against () in Japan has declined over the birth year, Japanese people have yet exhibited a relatively high risk of gastric cancer. The present study employed mathematical models to estimate the time- and age-dependent force of infection with in Japan, predicting the future seroprevalence by time and age.

Methods: We investigated the published seroprevalence data against in Japan from 1980-2018.

Emphysematous Pyelonephritis Caused by Citrobacter freundii in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes and Neurogenic Bladder.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare, life-threatening complication of upper urinary tract infections that is characterized by the presence of gas in the renal parenchyma and perirenal space. It commonly occurs in diabetic patients. Escherichia coli are the most common causative organisms, with few reports implicating Citrobacter freundii as the etiologic agent in EPN.

Toll-like receptor 2 and Muc2 expression on human intestinal epithelial cells by Gymnophalloides seoi adult antigen.

Goblet cell hyperplasia and mucin hypersecretion are important for the expulsion of the intestinal trematode, Gymnophalloides seoi , from mice. However, regulatory mechanisms underlying these processes remain elusive. To better understand the effects of G.

Clinical responses to smallpox vaccine in vaccinia-naive and previously vaccinated populations: undiluted and diluted Lancy-Vaxina vaccine in a single-blind, randomized, prospective trial.

We conducted a single-blind, randomized trial of 2 dilutions (1:1 or 1:10) of Lancy-Vaxina vaccine (Berna Biotech) in vaccinia-naive persons (n=36) and persons previously vaccinated >25 years ago (n=76). All vaccinees responded successfully to the vaccination. There were no significant differences in the size of the skin lesions, the number of adverse events, the amount of viral shedding, or the level of antibody responses between the undiluted (n=56) and diluted (n = 56) vaccine groups.

Production of C-reactive protein in Escherichia coli-infected patients with liver dysfunction due to liver cirrhosis.

To assess the effect of liver dysfunction on the production of C-reactive protein (CRP), CRP levels were evaluated in patients with Escherichia coli bacteremia with or without liver cirrhosis (LC). Thirty patients of each kind were selected as case and control groups, respectively. A matched control of 30 LC patients without acute infection was also included.

Risk factors for antimicrobial resistance and influence of resistance on mortality in patients with bloodstream infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

This study was conducted to evaluate risk factors for antimicrobial resistance and influence of resistance on mortality in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia. Data on 190 patients with P. aeruginosa bacteremia were analyzed retrospectively.

Clinical epidemiology of ciprofloxacin resistance and its relationship to broad-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacter species.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical features of ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterobacter bacteremia and to examine the risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance in Enterobacter species isolates causing bacteremia.

Design: A case-control study.

Setting: A 1,500-bed, tertiary-care university hospital and referral center.

Bloodstream infections caused by antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli: risk factors for mortality and impact of inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy on outcome.

The marked increase in the incidence of infections due to antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli in recent years is of great concern, as patients infected by those isolates might initially receive antibiotics that are inactive against the responsible pathogens. To evaluate the effect of inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy on survival, a total of 286 patients with antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteremia, 61 patients with Escherichia coli bacteremia, 65 with Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia, 74 with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia, and 86 with Enterobacter bacteremia, were analyzed retrospectively. If a patient received at least one antimicrobial agent to which the causative microorganisms were susceptible within 24 h of blood culture collection, the initial antimicrobial therapy was considered to have been appropriate.

Bloodstream infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: risk factors for mortality and treatment outcome, with special emphasis on antimicrobial therapy.

This study was conducted to evaluate risk factors for mortality and treatment outcome of bloodstream infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-EK). ESBL production in stored K. pneumoniae and E.

Risk factors for and clinical outcomes of bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Objective: To evaluate risk factors and treatment outcomes of bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP).

Design: Retrospective case-control study. Stored blood isolates of K.

Clinical outcome of bacteremic spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors for infection and clinical outcomes of bacteremic spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) due to ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae, in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis.

Bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacter species: predictors of 30-day mortality rate and impact of broad-spectrum cephalosporin resistance on outcome.

Background: Enterobacter species have become increasingly important nosocomial pathogens. However, resistance to cephalosporins often complicates the treatment of Enterobacter infection. This study was conducted to evaluate the predictors of mortality and the impact of cephalosporin resistance on outcome in patients with Enterobacter bacteremia.

Epidemiology and clinical features of bloodstream infections caused by AmpC-type-beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Cases of bacteremia caused by AmpC-type-beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were retrospectively studied to determine the epidemiologic features and clinical outcomes of bloodstream infections. Among 389 blood isolates recovered from 1998 to 2002, 65 isolates (16.7%) were found to be extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) or AmpC beta-lactamase producers.

Multicentric Castleman's disease complicated by tumor lysis syndrome.

We report a case of Castleman's disease that developed tumor lysis syndrome spontaneously and after systemic chemotherapy. A 44-year-old male patient was admitted with a 2-week history of abdominal distension accompanied by dyspnea. Physical examination revealed multiple lymph node enlargements.

Outcome of inappropriate initial antimicrobial treatment in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia.

Objective: To determine the impact of delayed treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (MRSA bacteraemia) on mortality.

Patients And Methods: We used two different and complementary approaches: a retrospective cohort study and a matched case-control study. Of the total of all patients with S.

Risk Factors for Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Bloodstream Infections Due to Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The present study was conducted to identify risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance in bloodstream infections due to extended-spectrum beta -lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-EK). ESBL production was determined in stored E. coli and K.

In vitro activities of 28 antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from tertiary-care hospitals in Korea: a nationwide survey.

Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most frequently isolated pathogens in both hospitals and the community, has been particularly efficient at developing resistance to antimicrobial agents. As methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has prevailed and, furthermore, as S.

Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in patients with eradicable foci versus noneradicable foci.

To determine the outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) on mortality, including the impact of methicillin resistance and an initial delay (< or =48 h) of appropriate antibiotics, a retrospective cohort study including 238 patients with SAB was performed. By logistic regression, noneradicable or noneradicated foci, underlying cirrhosis, and cancer were found to be independent predictors of mortality. In patients with eradicable foci, there were no significant differences in the associated mortality rate between methicillin-resistant SAB (11%) and methicillin-susceptible SAB (13%), and between inappropriate (13%) and appropriate (10%) empirical therapy, respectively (P=.