Associations between Exposure to Bisphenol A and Behavioral and Cognitive Function in Children with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case-control Study.

Objective: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely produced synthetic chemical used to manufacture polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. We aimed to investigate the association between exposure to BPA and behavioral and cognitive function in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls.

Methods: The study included 444 children aged from 6 to 10 years.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Characteristics in Korean Elementary School Children: Comparison with US Population.

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in elementary school children. The present study investigated the characteristics of ADHD in Korean elementary school children using the Korean version of the ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS). The data was compared with those obtained from a comparable American population.

The Symptom Trajectory of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Korean School-Age Children.

Objective: We aimed to investigate symptom trajectory of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Korean school-age children.

Methods: Four hundred fifty six elementary school children were enrolled when they were in 1st grade and assessed once per year until 4th grade. Symptom severity was assessed by parents using the Korean version of the ADHD rating scale (K-ARS).

How Does Low Socioeconomic Status Increase Blood Lead Levelsin KoreanChildren?

Although studies have shown that a low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with high blood lead levels (BLLs) in children, the mechanism underlying this observation is not well known. To determine how SES influences BLLs via environmental factors in Korean children, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of 4744 children aged 5⁻13 years. Questionnaires on sociodemographic information, environmental factors, and food consumption were administered to the children's parents.

Associations between urinary cotinine and symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder.

Background: The present study investigated associations between urinary cotinine levels as a biomarker of secondhand smoke exposure and symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods: A total of 520 child participants (200 with ADHD, 67 with ASD, and 253 normal control subjects) were assessed using the Korean version of the ADHD rating scale (K-ARS), Autism spectrum screening questionnaire (ASSQ), and Behavioral Assessment System for Children, second edition (BASC-2). The Korean version of the computer-based continuous performance test was used to assess cognitive function.

Associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and dietary habits in elementary school children.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between dietary habits and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in elementary school children.

Methods: The parents of 16,831 participating children assessed the ADHD symptoms of their children by responding to the Korean version of the ADHD rating scale (K-ARS). Parents also responded to the food habit questionnaire, which consists of 8 items regarding the eating pace, the frequency of overeating, and patterns of eating six types of food: fast food, soft drinks, instant noodles, fruit and vegetables, and milk.

The effects of postnatal phthalate exposure on the development of auditory temporal processing in rats.

Objective: The central auditory pathway is known to continue its development during the postnatal critical periods and is shaped by experience and sensory inputs. Phthalate, a known neurotoxic material, has been reported to be associated with attention deficits in children, impacting many infant neurobehaviors. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effects of neonatal phthalate exposure on the development of auditory temporal processing.

Prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and its Comorbidity among Korean Children in a Community Population.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) in children according to socio-demographic factors and the distribution of ADHD subtypes in a community in Korea. A screening survey using the Korean version of ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS) was conducted between 2007 and 2008, and clinical interviews by a pediatric psychiatrist were performed for selected children between 2009 and 2010. A total of 49,573 elementary school students, between ages of 7 and 12, constituted the target population, among which 38,365 students (77.

Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Low Blood Lead Levels in Association With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Symptom Domain in Children: A Community-Based Case-Control Study.

Aim: Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a major indoor pollutant. We examined the possible association between exposure to both SHS and low levels of lead and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its symptom domain in children.

Methods: This case-control study was based on the results of a community survey using the ADHD rating scale conducted in 49 elementary schools.

The social responsiveness scale in relation to DSM IV and DSM5 ASD in Korean children.

The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) is an autism rating scales in widespread use, with over 20 official foreign language translations. It has proven highly feasible for quantitative ascertainment of autistic social impairment in public health settings, however, little is known about the validity of the reinforcement in Asia populations or in references to DSM5. The current study aims to evaluate psychometric properties and cross-cultural aspects of the SRS-Korean version (K-SRS).

Association between BDNF gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean children.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by behavioral problems such as attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant neurotrophin in the brain.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the genotype and alleles for the BDNF gene in Korean children with ADHD.

The effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol and environmental tobacco smoke on risk for ADHD: a large population-based study.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Among the 30,552 parents who responded to a survey, the answers of 19,940 who replied to questions on prenatal exposure to ETS, alcohol consumption, and completed the DuPaul Rating Scale were analyzed.

The associations between ADHD and asthma in Korean children.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most common neuropsychiatric disorder in school children, and childhood allergic disease by evaluating their respective prevalence.

Methods: Subjects were comprised of first and second grade students in twenty two elementary schools in a city in the Republic of Korea. The mode of measurement for ADHD was based on DSM-IV from clinical interviews conducted by child psychiatrists.

Epidemiological characteristics of mobile phone ownership and use in korean children and adolescents.

Objectives: As public concern on possible harmful effects of mobile phone in children has been raised, information of epidemiological characteristics of mobile phone use in children and adolescents will be essential for public health policy.

Methods: Using three databases (n=21,693) collected from 2008 to 2011, we examined characteristics of mobile phone ownership and use, and socioeconomic positions (SEP) in Korean children and adolescents.

Results: The ownership rate and the amount of mobile phone use were higher in females than males, in higher school grades than lower grades, and at 2011 than 2008.

No Association between the Response to Methylphenidate and DRD4 Gene Polymorphism in Korean Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case Control Study.

Objective: Recently the relationship between alleles frequency distribution, drug response and the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has been actively researched. We investigated the association between the genetic type, alleles and drug response for the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene in ADHD patients in Korea.

Methods: One hundred fourteen patients diagnosed with ADHD according to the the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version IV (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria were selected for the study.

Association between HTR1A gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean children.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder of the school age population. ADHD has been shown to be familial, and genetic studies estimate its heritability at 80%-90%. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the genetic type and alleles for the HTR1A gene in Korean children with ADHD.

Transferrin in korean children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between iron, ferritin, transferrin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in children with ADHD.

Methods: MethodsaaThe sample consisted of 48 ADHD children and sex and age matched control children (a couple of 28 boys, 22 girls; age 6-8 years; mean±SD, 6.98±0.

Aripiprazole plus divalproex for recently manic or mixed patients with bipolar I disorder: a 6-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind maintenance trial.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy in preventing relapse of a mood episode in recently manic or mixed episode patients with bipolar I disorder stabilized with aripiprazole and divalproex combination.

Methods: This randomized, 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study enrolled patients from 23 centers in Korea. Patients with bipolar I disorder who had manic or mixed episode entered a 6-week open-label stabilization phase.

A validation study of the Korean version of SPAN.

Purpose: The SPAN, which is acronym standing for its four components: Startle, Physiological arousal, Anger, and Numbness, is a short post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screening scale. This study sought to develop and validate a Korean version of the SPAN (SPAN-K).

Materials And Methods: Ninety-three PTSD patients (PTSD group), 73 patients with non-psychotic psychiatric disorders (psychiatric control group), and 88 healthy participants (normal control group) were recruited for this study.

1-Hz low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in children with Tourette's syndrome.

The aim of the current study was to assess the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the supplementary motor area (SMA) of the cortex to children with Tourette's syndrome (TS), if rTMS over the SMA had positive effects on ameliorating tics. We designed a pilot open label 12 weeks cohort study to assess the efficacy of rTMS with TS at specific regions. We administered rTMS over SMA with slow frequency to children with TS.

Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the reliability and validity of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised Korean version (IES-R-K), a self-report scale for assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Methods: The original Impact of Event Scale-Revised was translated into Korean, and the comparability of content was verified through back-translation procedures. This multicenter study included 93 patients with PTSD, 73 nonpsychotic psychiatric patients, and 88 healthy controls drawn from 18 hospitals across the country.

Association between catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean population.

Recently, the relationship between allele frequency distribution and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been actively studied. In Korea, the relationship between the genetic type and alleles for catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene has been studied in ADHD patients. ADHD was diagnosed in 60 patients according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Version IV (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria and Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children--Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and they were selected for the study.