Assessment of fungal species in some spices using molecular study with detection of their mycotoxins using chromatography analysis.

Spices are food flavouring agents that are highly used in Iraq. However, they may be contaminated by toxicogenic fungi and subsequent production of mycotoxins. The aim of this study was to investigate the contamination of commonly used spices with fungi using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and to detect fungal mycotoxin using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Herbal medicinal uses and their practices in human health care and livestock from district Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Background: In light of the increasing need, for global health care, traditional medical knowledge is receiving considerable attention in order to fulfil the public health needs not only for human health but also animal health.

Objectives: Thus, the aim of the study is to explore ethnomedicinal uses of plants in human and livestock health care of the study area.

Methods: Data were gathered through arranged surveys and meeting techniques by focusing on 80 sources in the investigation region during 2018-2020.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based sensitive analytical approach to detect and quantify non-polar pesticides accumulated in the fat tissues of domestic animals.

A fast and simple technique is proposed for the detection and quantitative determination of six non-polar pesticides including pyrethroids (cypermethrin, deltamethrin), organochlorines (hexachlorobenzene, α-hexachlorocyclohexane) and organophosphorus (chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion) accumulated in fat tissues of local cattle, sheep and goats. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS) adapted to cleanup procedures based on solid-phase extraction from QuEChERS method was adopted. The work was performed for quantitative affirmation of most customarily used pesticides in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region of Iraq and also the impact of boiling (100 °C, 30 min) and broiling (176 °C, 20 min) on chosen pesticides was evaluated.