Hypersensitivity reactions, hepatotoxicity, and other discontinuations in persons receiving integrase strand transfer inhibitors: results from the EuroSIDA study.

Hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) and hepatotoxicity are rare, but potentially serious side-effects of antiretroviral use. To investigate discontinuations due to HSR, hepatotoxicity or other reasons among users of dolutegravir (DTG) vs. raltegravir (RAL) or elvitegravir (EVG) in the EuroSIDA cohort.

Prevalence and outcomes of pregnancies in women with HIV over a 20-year period.

Objective: To evaluate time trends in pregnancies and pregnancy outcomes among women with HIV in Europe.

Design: European multicentre prospective cohort study.

Methods: EuroSIDA has collected annual cross-sectional audits of pregnancies between 1996 and 2015.

Uptake of hepatitis C virus treatment in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients across Europe in the era of direct-acting antivirals.

Background And Aims: To investigate the uptake of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy among HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in the pan-European EuroSIDA study between 2011 and 2016.

Methods: All HCV-RNA+ patients were included. Baseline was defined as latest of anti-HCV+, January 2011 or enrolment in EuroSIDA.

Long-term effectiveness of recommended boosted protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy in Europe.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term response to antiretroviral treatment (ART) based on atazanavir/ritonavir (ATZ/r)-, darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r)-, and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-containing regimens.

Methods: Data were analysed for 5678 EuroSIDA-enrolled patients starting a DRV/r-, ATZ/r- or LPV/r-containing regimen between 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2013. Separate analyses were performed for the following subgroups of patients: (1) ART-naïve subjects (8%) at ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r) initiation; (2) ART-experienced individuals (44%) initiating the new PI/r with a viral load (VL) ≤500 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL; and (3) ART-experienced patients (48%) initiating the new PI/r with a VL >500 copies/mL.

Incidence of cancer and overall risk of mortality in individuals treated with raltegravir-based and non-raltegravir-based combination antiretroviral therapy regimens.

Objectives: There are currently few data on the long-term risk of cancer and death in individuals taking raltegravir (RAL). The aim of this analysis was to evaluate whether there is evidence for an association.

Methods: The EuroSIDA cohort was divided into three groups: those starting RAL-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on or after 21 December 2007 (RAL); a historical cohort (HIST) of individuals adding a new antiretroviral (ARV) drug (not RAL) to their cART between 1 January 2005 and 20 December 2007, and a concurrent cohort (CONC) of individuals adding a new ARV drug (not RAL) to their cART on or after 21 December 2007.

Disparities in HIV clinic care across Europe: findings from the EuroSIDA clinic survey.

Background: Although advances in HIV medicine have yielded increasingly better treatment outcomes in recent years, HIV-positive people with access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) still face complex health challenges. The EuroSIDA Study Group surveyed its clinics to explore regional differences in clinic services.

Methods: The EuroSIDA study is a prospective observational cohort study that began enrolling patients in 1994.

Tunable beam steering enabled by graphene metamaterials.

We demonstrate tunable mid-infrared (MIR) beam steering devices based on multilayer graphene-dielectric metamaterials. The effective refractive index of such metamaterials can be manipulated by changing the chemical potential of each graphene layer. This can arbitrarily tailor the spatial distribution of the phase of the transmitted beam, providing mechanisms for active beam steering.

Effects of selective catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors on single-trial passive avoidance retention in male rats.

The effects of new selective catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors entacapone (mainly peripheral effect) and tolcapone (acting also in the brain) on normal and impaired cognitive functions were studied in aversively motivated inhibitory avoidance using a single-trial passive avoidance paradigm in young adult rats. Passive avoidance retention latency was shortened by either scopolamine (1.0 mg/kg) or bilateral lesions to nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) caused by infusions of ethylcholine aziridinium (AF64A).

Tolcapone, an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase, counteracts memory deficits caused by bilateral cholinotoxin lesions of the basal nuclei of Meynert.

Repeated administration of tolcapone, an inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase, was able to partially restore the memory deficits caused by bilateral cholinotoxin (AF64A) lesions in the basal magnocellular nuclei of Meynert. The 2-week tolcapone treatment (3 mg kg-1, once a day) was started 24 h before toxin infusion and the last injection was given 24 h before the first avoidance test. The beneficial action of tolcapone may be related to antioxidant properties of nitrocatechols.

[The effect of nooglutil and piracetam on different forms of operant learning].

We studied effects of a new drug with nootropic action nooglutil (N-(5-hydroxynicotinoil)-L-glutaminic acid, OHK-10) on initial stages of different forms of operant behaviour in rats, namely avoidance learning in Shuttle box, in Skinner box and on T-maze reflex with water reward. Comparing dates resulted from these three methods permitted evaluation of effects of the drugs on learning. Both drugs had no effects on avoidance response in shuttle box and T-maze reflex with water reward.

[The nooglutil correction of functional disorders of the central nervous system caused by prenatal alcoholization in rats].

Administration of ethanol (5 g/kg/day, per os) to the pregnant rats evoked delayed impairments of the learning and memory in the offspring. Prenatal alcoholization of the animals attenuated the habituation of the exploration behavior in open field, impaired acquisition and retention of active avoidance in a shuttle box, increased slow activity of the EEG spectrum power, disturbed the function of the serotoninergic system in the brain cortex and of the dopaminergic system in the hippocamp. The new nootropic drug nooglutyl (N-5/hydroxynicotinoyl/-L-glutamic acid) administered in a dose of 25 mg/kg/day from the 8th to the 20th day of life prevented the above-mentioned delayed disturbances of higher integrative functions and biochemical processes in rat brain.

[A new substance with nootropic activity--N-5(hydroxynicotinoyl)-L-glutamic acid].

The psychopharmacological activity of a new compound--ONK-10--N-5(hydroxynicotinoyl)-L-glutamic acid was studied. It was shown in experiments on mice and rats that the compound possesses the pronounced antiamnestic and antihypoxic effects, does not disturb the conditioned reflex activity and the orientation behavior, has no anxiolytic activity and anticonvulsant properties, causes no disorder of movement coordination, is low toxic. ONK-10 is superior by its antiamnestic and antihypoxic effects to piracetam, meclophenoxat, demanol aceglumate and is not inferior to aniracetam.

[The psychotropic properties of bonnecor and ethacizine].

The comparative study of the psychotropic activity of new acyl derivatives of dibenzazepine and phenothiazine--bonnecor (chlorhydrate 3-carbethoxyamino-5(dimethylaminoacetyl) dibenzazepine and ethacizine (chlorhydrate 2-carbethoxyamino-10-(beta-diethyl-aminopropionyl)phenothiazine)--in the experiments on small laboratory animals showed the presence of the antidepressive, anxiolytic, antiamnesic and antihypoxic effects. The drugs exerted the psychotropic effects at administration in the doses exceeding those which influence the cardiovascular system. By the degree of the anxiolytic action bonnecor and ethacizine are inferior to diazepam, are as potent as trioxasine and are superior to meprobamat.

[Dissociation of the anti-amnesic and antihypoxic effects of nootropic and antihypoxic preparations].

In experimental studies on mice it was shown that piracetam, Cleregil, centrophenoxine, pyritinol possessed the most pronounced anti-amnestic activity. A close effect was noted with Euclidan, 3-hydroxypyridine and ionol. GABAergic agents (sodium oxybutyrate, phenibut, pantogam), gutimine, nicotinoyl-GABA eliminated amnesia to a lesser extent.