[Changes in the properties of the brain opiate, DA2, GABA, and 5-HT1 receptors in the progeny of female rats consuming ethanol for a long time during pregnancy and lactation].

The study was undertaken to examine two-week and two-month rats whose mothers had been given alcohol for a long period of time during pregnancy and lactation. Profound changes were found in the properties of all types of the receptors under study. The changes were found in the receptors of both group animals.

[The biological mechanisms of a congenital predisposition to alcoholism].

In descendants of white rats with chronic alcoholic intoxication, the contents of DA in the brain and blood plasma, characteristics of GABA and opiate brain receptors, the contents of cAMP and other substances were studied as well as the c-fos gene expression. The data obtained suggest a considerable role of the changes in the DA system functions in the genesis of pathology in these descendants.

[Changes in the properties of the 5-HT1 receptors in the brains of rats, the progeny of parents consuming morphine for a long time].

Studies were performed in two-month rats whose parents had been given morphine for a long period before mating. Considerable changes were found in the properties of rat brain 5-HT1 receptors, which manifested as increased number of ligand binding sites (Bmax) and higher KD, which indicates a lower receptor affinity for ligand. Single morphine administration to the animals caused normalization of the properties of the receptors.

[The action of low doses of bromocryptin in experimental morphine abstinence in rats].

In experiments on rats which consumed for a long time morphine solution as a drinking liquid there was studied the effect of low doses of bromocriptine on the behavioural manifestations of morphine abstinence syndrome and the condition of the noradrenergic, dopaminergic and conjugated GABAergic systems of the brain. It was shown that the preliminary administration of bromocriptine decreased the degree of the withdrawal syndrome that correlated with the restoration of dopamine content and the normalization of the condition of D2-dopaminergic receptors in different regions of the brain. Bromocriptine exerted no influence on the morphine withdrawal-induced changes in the condition of GABA receptors of the cerebral cortex.

[Heterogeneous packing of the Escherichia coli chromosome and its decompaction in in vitro experiments].

The chromatin organization of E. coli cells, taken on various growth stages of the culture (active, stationary, grown with heightened density), displays different characters when examined by the Miller method. In the active phase of growth, the cell chromatin is released as threads and loops of DNA, threads of nucleosome-like particles and granules 25-38 nm in size.

[Characteristics of the ultrastructural organization of the nuclei of somatic cell hybrids].

A study was made of the ultrastructure of cell nuclei of two types of hybrid clones obtained from the fusion of Chinese hamster with human skin fibroblasts, and from that of mouse hepatoma cells with mink fibroblasts. In cell nuclei of the eight hybrid clones deep invaginations of the inner membrane, not characteristic of the parent cells, were revealed. Analysis of serial sections, and application of electron microscopic radioautography and histochemistry have suggested that these structures are associated with the nuclear envelope which is necessary for regulating the superfluous chromosome localization in the hybrid nucleus.

[Electron microscopic research on the extrachromosomal genetic elements of Escherichia coli].

The structural organization of extrachromosomal genetic elements were studied in a subfraction obtained after centrifugation of the lysate of E. coli spheroplasts. With this method of isolation, the tertiary structure of the extrachromosomal genetic elements was preserved.

[Use of cell enucleation in studying the stability of cytoplasmic organelles and cytoplasm organization].

A study was made of the viability and ultrastructure of cytoplasts produced by enucleation of cytochalasin-induced A9 cells in suspension. These cytoplasts are in general as viable as cells enucleated in the monolayer. The organization of the cytoplasm, i.

[New method of encapsulating isolated nuclei into a lipid membrane].

A new method of the coating of isolated cell nuclei with additional phosphatidylcholine membranes is described. The additional membrane was visualized under the electron microscope using ferritin as a label. The coating diminished leakage of the content of the nuclei and restricted permeability of the nuclei for exterior macromolecules.

[Effect of bromocryptin on the alcohol consumption and catecholamine level in the brain of rats undergoing long-term alcoholization].

It has been established in experiments on rats subjected to long-term alcoholization that chronic administration of bromocryptin in small doses (1 mg/kg) considerably minimizes ethanol consumption by animals. Reduction in alcoholic motivation correlates with normalization of the level of dopamine, decreased by chronic alcohol action in the rat hypothalamus and midbrain. The use of bromocryptin also prevents an increase in the dopamine content in the rat hypothalamus during alcohol withdrawal.

[Quantitative analysis of the ultrastructure of gastric mucocytes in the rat after prostaglandin treatment].

Effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on mucus secretion by mucocytes of the fundal part of the rat stomach has been studied electron microscopically, morphometrically and biochemically. PGE2 is found to stimulate synthesis of glycoproteins and their secretion by the mucocytes that results in increasing the relative volume of Golgi complex and in decreasing that of secretory granules. Actinomycin does not affect and cycloheximide blocks the stimulating activity of prostaglandin.

[Changes in the RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activity of retrovirus-like particles in the rat liver during postnatal ontogeny].

The RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activity was studied in the postmicrosomal fraction and in the microsomal sediment of the liver of the newborn and adult Wistar rats. In the microsomal sediment of 4-6 day old rats the RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activity was approximately by one order of magnitude higher than in that of 2 week old and adult rats. In the postmicrosomal fraction of 3 day old rats the RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activity was also higher, but only by 30-35%, than in that of animals of the other age groups.

[Relation of RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase from the rat liver with virus-like particles].

RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activity was found in the 165 000 g supernatant and pellet of the postmitochondrial rat liver fraction. Further fractionation of the 165 000 g pellet in the linear sucrose gradient (20-50%) showed that RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activity was distributed between fractions with densities 1.18-1.

[Electron microscopy study of deoxyribonuclease penetration into chick embryo fibroblasts and the effect of the enzyme on the cells].

Peroxidase labeled DNase (0.25 g/ml) penetrated into the chick fibroblast culture cells by means of pinocytosis to be localized in pinocytotic vacuoles. Within a 24 hour-incubation of the cell culture with DNase a relative volume of vacuoles in cells increased from 4.

[Effect of cholecystokinin on dopamine metabolism in the rat brain].

The effect of sulfated octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK) on dopamine turnover was examined in different parts of the rat brain. It was demonstrated that CCK administered intrapeutoneally in doses of 5, 15 and 30 micrograms/kg significantly increased dopamine turnover in the amygdala, and nucleus accumbeus, without changing dopamine turnover in the midbrain, hypothalamus and striatum. The data suggest that variation in the activity of the mesolimbic dopamine system might be one of the mechanisms by which CCK regulates the animals behavior.

[Neurochemical basis of the pathogenesis of different types of addiction].

The study is concerned with the influence of narcotic drugs of a different chemical nature (alcohol, morphine, barbamil) on the catecholamine metabolism in some areas of the brain and adrenal gland in experimental animals. Each of the studied drugs exerted a differentiated effect on the catecholamine system in the different brain structures. However all these substances both in a single administration and in a long-term use, and development of a drug dependence, evoked similar changes in the catecholamine metabolism in the hypothalamus and in the middle brain.

[Comparative study of the ultrastructure of cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex of rats of different lines].

By means of morphometric analysis, some tissue and cellular parameters of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex of three rat inbred strains (Wistar, Sprague-Dawley, August) and of the wild grey rats were calculated. Significant genotypic differences were found in the absolute volume in the number of cells per mm3 of tissue, and in relative volumes of basis cellular compartments (smooth endoplasmic reticulum, liposomes) which take part in corticosteroid biosynthesis. A hypothesis is put forward that these differences determine different potential possibilities of rat adrenals, which are realized when their functional activity is enhanced under extreme conditions.