[Method for determination of creatine in minced meat].

A rather version of picrate method for determination of creatine in minced meat is proposed. It is suitable for application in laboratories of meat-processing plants.

[Jaffe color test-based microtechnique for determination of milk lactose].

The picric acid reaction (Jaffe test) that is widely used in clinical biochemical practice to determine creatinine has proven to be suitable for the assay of lactose in milk samples. The reaction conditions (picric acid concentration, sample heating time, etc.) were examined to optimize this method.

[Urea as an indicator of anthropogenic pollution of water of swimming pools].

The sports swimming pools of Volgograd were examined for the levels of urea. All the study swimming pools were found to have a level of urea in the range of 28-80 micromol/l; which is about 10-15 times higher that its background level in the natural water reservoirs. Analysis of urea in the water of a swimming pool is proposed as a sensitive and simple test for fresh man-made water pollution.

[The ecology and prevalence of arboviruses on the territory of the Saratov Region].

The territorial spread of Tahyna, Batai, Sindbis, West Nile fever and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses throughout the Saratov region in 1998 - 2000 was analyzed. The characteristics of the epizootic activity of the natural foci of these arboviruses in different landscape zones (temperate forest-steppes, steppes and semi-deserts) were calculated. The species composition of small mammals, the natural reservoirs of the causative agents of arbovirus infections, was determined.

[Oral fluid nitrate reductase complex activity in teenagers dependent on oral hygiene level and DMFT-index].

This research is directed to determine the influence of carious process at the stage of forming of constant occlusion on nitratereductase complex activity in the oral liquid. The correlation between of nitratereductase complex activity and DMF index, as well as the sex and the age of children with variable and constant occlusions was discovered. It is possible to estimate objectively a condition of a oral cavity due to nitratereductase complex activity.

[Levels of amino group nitrogen and imidazole compounds in human oral fluid].

The procedures of definition amino nitrogen (sum amino acids) and imidazole compounds in human oral fluid are described. Amino nitrogen were determined by the ninhydrin method modified by the authors, imidazole compounds by the Pauli test. A total of over 20 patients with the relatively good dental status were surveyed.

[A simple method of glucose measurement in human skin secretions].

A simple noninvasive procedure for measurements of glucose in skin secretion is described. The method is based on glucose oxidation reaction. Normal glucose content per cm2 is 1.

[A simple method of measuring ornithine decarboxylase activity in mixed human saliva].

A simple and sensitive method for measuring ornithine decarboxylase in mixed human saliva is described, based on assessing the waste of the reaction substrate ornithine by modified Chinard's color reaction. The highest specific activity of the enzyme (up to 1.5 ncat/ml) is found in salivary samples collected on an empty stomach in the morning.

[The utilization of amino acids and urea by human oral fluid].

Incubation of mixed human saliva with arginine, ornithine, and proline for 30 min to 2 h at 40 degrees C leads to an appreciable consumption of the above amino acids. The rate of utilization is 0.2 to 0.

[Analysis of lactate, ammonia and urea in skin excretions].

A procedure for measuring lactate, ammonium, and urea in a single 2 ml sample of aqueous wash-off from the palm of a man is described. In normal subjects the level of lactate excretion was 1.56 mmole/cm2 skin, that of ammonium 0.

[The determination of the ureolytic and glycolytic activities of human oral fluid].

The authors describe a simple and rapid method for measuring urease and glycolytic activity of mixed saliva. It is based on alteration of the color of some acid-alkaline indicators during incubation of the saliva with appropriate substrata (carbohydrates and urea). Examinations of 32 normal subjects revealed that with the developed procedure, the reactions of carbohydrate fermentation and urea hydrolysis are rapidly detected in mixed saliva samples, the test taking approximately 20 min.

[Urea and ammonia in the saliva of patients with kidney diseases].

Blood and salivary urea, salivary ammonia were measured in 39 patients: 11 with chronic renal failure stage I-II (group 1), 12 with chronic renal failure stage III (group 2), control subjects without renal diseases (control group of 16 patients). The findings indicated higher levels of salivary urea in group 1 and 2. Salivary and blood urea concentrations correlated, the proportions being 68%, 40.

[The nitrate reductase activity of human saliva].

Investigations of human saliva reductase activity report the enzyme inactivation in 5-min heating at 50 degrees C, its maximal activity in neutral medium, reduced specific activity in the saliva dilution. Routine centrifugation inactivated nitrate reductase in supernatant, its activity in the precipitate hardly reached 10%. Combination of supernatant with precipitate recovered the baseline activity completely.

[Various properties of urease encapsulated into liposomes].

The enzymic activity of plant urease encapsulated into liposomes from egg lecithin was studied. Liposomes contained 3-5% of the initial enzymic preparation. Incorporation of urease into liposomes increases the permeability of the lecithin membrane for urea.