Heat Transfer Enhancement in Industrial Heat Exchangers Using Graphene Oxide Nanofluids.

In this study, the heat transfer characteristics within the heat exchanger using water-based GO nanofluids were comprehensively assessed. An apparatus was constructed by scaling down an industrial heat exchanger. The nanofluid's thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, viscosity, density, Prandtl number, and Nusselt number were examined at varying temperatures and GO nanoparticle concentrations.

Radical hysterectomy case volume and cervical cancer treatment in the era of COVID-19: A multi-site analysis of National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers.

Objective: To compare radical hysterectomy case volume, cancer stage, and biopsy-to-treatment time of invasive cervical cancer diagnosed before and after onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: In a multi-institution retrospective cohort study conducted at 6 large, geographically diverse National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centers, patients treated for newly diagnosed invasive cervical cancer were classified into 2 temporal cohorts based on date of first gynecologic oncology encounter: (1) Pre-Pandemic: 3/1/2018-2/28/2020; (2) Pandemic & Recovery: 4/1/2020-12/31/2021. The primary outcome was total monthly radical hysterectomy case volume.

Immunotherapy for ovarian cancer is improved by tumor targeted delivery of a neoantigen surrogate.

Ovarian cancer is known for its poor neoantigen expression and strong immunosuppression. Here, we utilized an attenuated non-pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes to deliver a highly immunogenic Tetanus Toxoid protein (Listeria-TT), as a neoantigen surrogate, into tumor cells through infection in a metastatic mouse ovarian cancer model (Id8p53-/-Luc). Gemcitabine (GEM) was added to reduce immune suppression.

Uptake and timing of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy among patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.

Background: In women with BRCA mutations, risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy has been shown to decrease gynecologic cancer-specific and overall mortality. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends that patients with BRCA mutations undergo risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy between the ages of 35 and 40 years for BRCA1 mutation carriers and between the ages of 40 and 45 years for BRCA2 mutation carriers or after childbearing is complete. Currently, uptake and timing of risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and reasons for delays in risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy are not well understood.

Inflammatory reaction to BioGlue™ masquerading as recurrence in patients with endometrial cancer: A report of two cases.

•BioGlue™, a glutaraldehyde-based vessel sealant, can cause a foreign body reaction.•Vessel sealants may be used for IVC repair during endometrial cancer staging.•Foreign body reaction to BioGlue™ may look like a cancer recurrence on imaging.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced endometrial cancer.

Objectives: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS) is a treatment strategy for ovarian cancer patients with unresectable disease or poor performance status (PS). This strategy has been used in the treatment of advanced endometrial cancer and a survival benefit has been shown in patients who are subsequently able to undergo interval cytoreduction. This study sought to review our single institution experience with NACT for advanced endometrial cancer.

Tubal Disease and Impersonators/Masqueraders.

Ultrasound is considered the first-line imaging modality in the evaluation of the fallopian tubes. This chapter reviews both the physiologic and pathologic sonographic findings of the fallopian tubes and how to recognize characteristic entities. Specifically, it describes how to use ultrasound techniques to distinguish between pathologic processes including chronic versus acute pelvic inflammatory disease, as well as infertility, torsion, and malignancy.

Cervical length at mid-pregnancy and the risk of primary cesarean delivery.

Background: Physiological and biochemical studies suggest that normal parturition at term is dependent on programmed development of the uterus in early pregnancy. It is recognized that a short cervix in mid-pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth. We hypothesized that a long cervix in mid-pregnancy would be associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery during labor at term.

Prediction of pre-eclampsia by uterine artery Doppler imaging: relationship to gestational age at delivery and small-for-gestational age.

Objectives: To determine the relationship between pre-eclampsia, small-for-gestational age (SGA) and gestational age at delivery, and the effect of this relationship on the prediction of pre-eclampsia by uterine artery Doppler imaging.

Methods: This was a multicenter prospective Doppler study of the uterine artery at 22-24 weeks of gestation in unselected women with singleton pregnancies.

Results: In the 30,639 pregnancies examined, the median uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) was 1.

Partitioning of a-factor analogues into membranes: analysis of binding and importance for biological activity.

Analogues of the a-factor mating pheromone of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used to measure interactions of the pheromones with lipid vesicles and with isolated yeast membranes. The binding of the analogues of a-factor to vesicles and to membranes was best described as a partitioning of the pheromones into the lipid phase. The partitioning was enhanced by the negative surface potential of the membranes and was well described by the Gouy-Chapman theory of diffuse double layers.

Synthesis and biological activity of fluorescent yeast pheromones.

The mating pheromones of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and derivatives of these pheromones have been synthesized and tested for biological activity in a solution-phase assay. The effects of native alpha-factor and a-factor on the growth of target cells in these assays were identical. A derivative of alpha-factor in which the amino terminus was modified with the fluorescent probe, 6-amino-N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)hexanoyl, was only slightly less active than the unmodified pheromone.