Pathologic basis of antibody-mediated organ transplant rejection: from pathogenesis to diagnosis.

Purpose Of Review: Although antibody-mediated rejection of clinical organ transplants has been recognized more than a half-century ago, our understanding of its pathological/clinical phenotypes has dramatically increased over the past decade. This review highlights the pathological/clinical spectrum of ABMR and discusses its microscopic pathology in relationship with pathogenesis.

Recent Findings: Newly recognized pathological manifestations of ABMR are: (1) C4d-negative active ABMR, which cannot be definitely diagnosed by current diagnostic systems and often remains underdetected.