The contradictory role of febuxostat in ABCG2 expression and potentiating hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy in colorectal cancers.

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is an emerging method to treat colorectal cancers (CRC). Hypericin (HYP) is an effective mediator of PDT and the ABCG2 inhibitor, Febuxostat (FBX) could augment PDT. HT29 and HEK293 cells showed light dependant cytotoxic response to PDT in both 2D and 3D cell models.

Comparison of the diagnostic yield of transbronchial lung biopsies by forceps and cryoprobe in diffuse parenchymal lung disease.

Background: Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) in the diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) has shown a promising yield in recent times, with low post-procedural mortality and morbidity.

Objectives: To compare the yield of TBLC and conventional transbronchial forceps lung biopsy (TBLB).

Methods: A prospective study was carried out in patients with DPLD over a period of 1 year in a tertiary respiratory care institute in New Delhi, India.

Fluorescent imaging using novel conjugated polymeric nanoparticles-affimer probes in complex models of colorectal cancer.

We developed a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) conjugated polymer nanoparticle (CPN510-CEA-Af) probe to target CEA-expressing CRC cells . Its efficacy was evaluated in 2D and 3D cultures of LS174T, LoVo, and HT29 CRC cell lines. CPN510-CEA-Af produced greater fluorescent signal intensity than unconjugated particles in both 2D cells and 3D spheriods, indicating its potential as a probe for image-guided colorectal cancer surgery.

Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates parkinsonian pathology by modulating autophagy and apoptosis via Nrf2-TIGAR-LAMP2/Cathepsin D axis.

Mounting evidence suggests a role for oxidative stress and accumulation of dysfunctional organelle and misfolded proteins in PD. Autophagosomes mediate the clearance of these cytoplasmic proteins via delivery to lysosomes to form autophagolysosomes, followed by degradation of the protein by lysosomal enzymes. In PD, autophagolysosome accumulation occurs initiating a plethora of events resulting in neuronal death by apoptosis.

County-Level Sociodemographic Factors Associated with COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in North and South Carolina.

There is limited research regarding associations between county-level factors and COVID-19 incidence and mortality. While the Carolinas are geographically connected, they are not homogeneous, with statewide political and intra-state socioeconomic differences leading to heterogeneous spread between and within states. Infection and mortality data from Johns Hopkins University during the 7 months since the first reported case in the Carolinas was combined with county-level socioeconomic/demographic factors.

Binder-free NiO/CuO hybrid structure via ULPING (Ultra-short Laser Pulse for In-situ Nanostructure Generation) technique for supercapacitor electrode.

Developing a cost-effective pseudocapacitor electrode manufacturing process incorporating binder-free, green synthesis methods and single-step fabrication is crucial in advancing supercapacitor research. This study aims to address this pressing issue and contribute to the ongoing efforts in the field by introducing ULPING (Ultra-short Laser Pulse for In-situ Nanostructure Generation) technique for effective design. Laser irradiation was conducted in ambient conditions to form a CuO/NiO hybrid structure providing a synergistic contribution to the electrical behavior of the electrode.

A digitally driven manufacturing process for high resolution patterning of cell formations.

This paper presents the engineering and validation of an enabling technology that facilitates new capabilities in in vitro cell models for high-throughput screening and tissue engineering applications. This is conducted through a computerized system that allows the design and deposition of high-fidelity microscale patterned coatings that selectively alter the chemical and topographical properties of cell culturing surfaces. Significantly, compared to alternative methods for microscale surface patterning, this is a digitally controlled and automated process thereby allowing scientists to rapidly create and explore an almost infinite range of cell culture patterns.

Fingolimod Alleviates Cognitive Deficit in Type 2 Diabetes by Promoting Microglial M2 Polarization via the pSTAT3-jmjd3 Axis.

Sphingosine receptors (S1PRs) are implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders like obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The link between S1PRs and cognition in type 2 diabetes, as well as the mechanisms that underpin it, are yet unknown. Neuroinflammation is the common pathology shared among T2D and cognitive impairment.

NLRP3 inflammasomes: A potential target to improve mitochondrial biogenesis in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative condition for which no approved treatment exists to prevent collective neuronal death. There is ample evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and associated caspase activity underlie the pathology observed. Neurons rely on mitochondrial activity since they have such high energy consumption.

AI-enabled, implantable, multichannel wireless telemetry for photodynamic therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers several advantages for treating cancers, but its efficacy is highly dependent on light delivery to activate a photosensitizer. Advances in wireless technologies enable remote delivery of light to tumors, but suffer from key limitations, including low levels of tissue penetration and photosensitizer activation. Here, we introduce DeepLabCut (DLC)-informed low-power wireless telemetry with an integrated thermal/light simulation platform that overcomes the above constraints.

A novel fluorescent c-met targeted imaging agent for intra-operative colonic tumour mapping: Translation from the laboratory into a clinical trial.

Background: The c-Met protein is overexpressed in many gastrointestinal cancers. We explored EMI-137, a novel c-Met targeting fluorescent probe, for application in fluorescence-guided colon surgery, in HT-29 colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line and an in vivo murine model.

Methods: HT-29 SiRNA transfection confirmed specificity of EMI-137 for c-Met.

Studying the Role of Chromosomal Instability (CIN) in GI Cancers Using Patient-derived Organoids.

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is associated with the initiation and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers. Cancers of the GI tract are typically characterized by altered chromosome numbers. While the dynamics of CIN have been extensively characterized in 2D monolayer cell cultures derived from GI tumors, the tumor microenvironment and 3D tumor architecture also contribute to the progression of CIN, which is not captured in 2D cell culture systems.

Yeasts of the Blastobotrys genus are promising platform for lipid-based fuels and oleochemicals production.

Strains of the yeast genus Blastobotrys (subphylum Saccharomycotina) represent a valuable biotechnological resource for basic biochemistry research, single-cell protein, and heterologous protein production processes. Species of this genus are dimorphic, non-pathogenic, thermotolerant, and can assimilate a variety of hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates. These can constitute a single-cell oil platform in an emerging bio-based economy as oleaginous traits have been discovered recently.

The utility of c-Met as a diagnostic tissue biomarker in primary colorectal cancer.

The transmembrane protein, c-Met, is thought to be overexpressed and activated in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study explored its potential as a diagnostic tissue biomarker for CRC in a large human CRC tissue collection obtained from a randomized clinical trial. Tissue microarrays of matched normal colorectal epithelium and primary cancer were prepared from specimens obtained from 280 patients recruited to the MRC CLASICC trial (ISRCTN 74883561) and interrogated using immunohistochemistry for c-Met expression.

Characterising a PDMS based 3D cell culturing microfluidic platform for screening chemotherapeutic drug cytotoxic activity.

Three-dimensional (3D) spheroidal cell cultures are now recognised as better models of cancers as compared to traditional cell cultures. However, established 3D cell culturing protocols and techniques are time-consuming, manually laborious and often expensive due to the excessive consumption of reagents. Microfluidics allows for traditional laboratory-based biological experiments to be scaled down into miniature custom fabricated devices, where cost-effective experiments can be performed through the manipulation and flow of small volumes of fluid.

Twist1 induces chromosomal instability (CIN) in colorectal cancer cells.

Twist1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, essential during early development in mammals. While Twist1 induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), here we show that Twist1 overexpression enhances nuclear and mitotic aberrations. This is accompanied by an increase in whole chromosomal copy number gains and losses, underscoring the role of Twist1 in inducing chromosomal instability (CIN) in colorectal cancer cells.

The role of ABCG2 in modulating responses to anti-cancer photodynamic therapy.

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) transmembrane protein transporter is known for conferring resistance to treatment in cancers. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising anti-cancer method involving the use of light-activated photosensitisers to precisely induce oxidative stress and cell death in cancers. ABCG2 can efflux photosensitisers from out of cells, reducing the capacity of PDT and limiting the efficacy of treatment.

A Review on the Scope of Photothermal Therapy-Based Nanomedicines in Preclinical Models of Colorectal Cancer.

Oncologic thermal ablation involves the use of hyperthermic temperatures to damage and treat solid cancers. Thermal ablation is being investigated as a method of treatment in colorectal cancers and has the potential to complement conventional anticancer treatments in managing local recurrence and metastatic disease. Photothermal therapy utilizes photosensitive agents to generate local heat and induce thermal ablation.

Baseline radionuclide concentration in selected marine organisms around the coastal areas of Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg districts, west coast of Maharashtra, India.

The present work deals with assessment of baseline radionuclide concentration in marine organisms around selected coasts of Maharashtra, India. This baseline study highlights concentrations of natural and fallout radionuclides in finfish and shellfish species found in the surrounding seawater. Water and fish samples were collected, processed, and analyzed for U, Ra, Ra, Th, K, and Cs by high-resolution gamma spectrometry.

Inhibiting ABCG2 could potentially enhance the efficacy of hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy in spheroidal cell models of colorectal cancer.

Background: Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is an attractive modality for treating solid cancers. This study evaluates the efficacy of Hypericin-PDT as a cytotoxic therapy in colorectal cancer (CRC), using 2D cell cultures and 3D multicellular tumour spheroids.

Methods: Spheroids were generated through forced-floating and agitation-based techniques.

Lipids of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa IIPL32 with biodiesel potential: Oil yield, fatty acid profile, fuel properties.

This study analyzes the single cell oil (SCO), fatty acid profile, and biodiesel fuel properties of the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa IIPL32 grown on the pentose fraction of acid pre-treated sugarcane bagasse as a carbon source. The yeast biomass from nitrogen limiting culture conditions (15.3 g L ) was able to give the SCO yield of 0.