Detection of Eosinophilic Cell-free Granules Based on Expression of CCR3 and MBP Markers in Esophageal Biopsy Specimens of Patients with Suspected and Confirmed Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Purpose: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is the most well-known eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder (EGID) characterized by the presence of a high number eosinophils within the esophageal epithelium and the clinical signs. Biopsies of patients with suspected EoE may not show a high number of eosinophils, however the presence of granules may help with the diagnosis. This study aims to evaluate the presence of cell-free eosinophil granules in the esophageal tissue of patients with suspected and confirmed EoE to accelerate the diagnosis and treatment of patients with low eosinophil count.

A1, an innovative fluorinated CXCR4 inhibitor, redefines the therapeutic landscape in colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a globally prevalent malignancy, primarily affecting the colon and rectum, characterized by uncontrolled cellular changes in the intestinal wall lining. Recent evidence underlines the significant role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in the development of CRC, suggesting that inhibiting this pathway could be a promising therapeutic approach. This study focuses on investigating the potential of N, N''-thiocarbonylbis (N'-(3,4-dimethyl phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetimidamide) (A1), a novel fluorinated CXCR4 inhibitor, through a comprehensive analysis encompassing in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies.

Conditioned media from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells: potential effect on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in co-culture with HeLa cell line.

The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of various diseases is being investigated, however, their use in cervical cancer has not been well-studied. Here, we examined the impact of collected MSC-conditioned medium (CM) on 1 to 5 days on apoptosis, proliferation, and cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) when co-cultured alongside the HeLa cell line for 24, 48, and 72 h by CFSE assay, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR, respectively. We found that CMs collected on the third day of MSCs culture significantly increased the proliferation of PBMCs and decreased the proliferation of HeLa cells after 48 h.

High-expression of V-domain Imuunoglobulin Suppressor of T-cell Activation (VISTA) Is Correlated with Advanced Pathological Features in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

V-domain Imuunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) seems a promising immune checkpoint target in cancer treatment; however, its prognostic significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown. Herein, 29 fresh PDAC tissue samples were used to evaluate the mRNA expression level of VISTA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Besides, 40 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded PDAC tissues were collected to evaluate VISTA protein expression by immunohistochemistry.

The BCG vaccine, advantages, and disadvantages of introducing new generation vaccines against .

Tuberculosis (TB) is consistently ranked among the deadliest diseases worldwide, causing millions of deaths annually. is the causative agent for this infection. Different antibiotics and vaccines have been discussed as potential treatments and prevention.

Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins 3 and 5 Potentially Delineate Polarization of Th cells in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory condition classified into chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Th cells manage inflammatory cells in CRS. Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) proteins regulate Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway in Th cells by polarizing toward Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells.

Expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) and Astacin Genes of as well as HSP70 and HSP17.1 Genes of in Adult and Larval Stages of .

Background: Uncovering the roles and characteristics of pathogenesis-related molecules can help us develop novel management methods in parasitology. In this study, we studied the expression levels of heat shock protein70 (HSP70) () and astacin () as pathogenesis-related genes as well as the expression of HSP70 and HSP17.1 (, ) in the larvae and adult stages of .

Different Gene Expression Patterns of IL-1 Family Members in Parkinson's Disease: Results from Bayesian Regression Model.

Parkinson's disease, the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder lacking a recognized etiology, is influenced by oxidative stress and alterations in inflammatory cytokine levels. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of Interleukin(IL)1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP), IL1β, IL1α, IL33, and IL36 genes in blood cells and serum IL-1β levels in Parkinson's disease patients compared to healthy controls (HCs).I n this case-control study, 44 Parkinson's disease patients and 44 age- and sex-matched HCs were included.

Immune endotyping and gene expression profile of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in the aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) and the non-AERD subgroups.

Background: Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a paranasal sinus inflammatory disease and is divided into two subgroups defined as CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). CRSwNP displays a T helper (Th)2 biased phenotype, and based on sensitivity or tolerance to aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), is further subdivided into Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) and non-AERD groups. Considering the challenge of diagnosis and treatment in patients with CRSwNP, particularly the AERD subtype, and the significance of endotyping in these patients, we examined the immune profile and endotyping based on gene expression analysis in the AERD and the non-AERD groups of patients with CRSwNP.

Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAP): A magic bullet candidate for immunotherapy of human malignancies.

IL-1, plays a role in some pathological inflammatory conditions. This pro-inflammatory cytokine also has a crucial role in tumorigenesis and immune responses in the tumor microenvironment (TME). IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAP), combined with IL-1 receptor-1, provides a functional complex for binding and signaling.

Antitumor activities of a novel fluorinated small molecule (A1) in CT26 colorectal cancer cells: molecular docking and in vitro studies.

Chemotherapeutic treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been satisfactory until now; therefore, the discovery of more efficient medications is of great significance. Based on available knowledge, the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis plays a significant role in tumorigenesis, and inhibition of CXCR4 chemokine receptor with AMD3100 is one of the most known therapeutic modalities in cancer therapy. Herein, N, N''-thiocarbonylbis(N'-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetimidamide) () was synthesized as a potent CXCR4 inhibitor.

HOMA-IR mean values in healthy individuals: a population-based study in iranian subjects.

Purpose: Homeostasis Model Assessment-estimated Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) is an important indicator of insulin resistance. In this population-based investigation, we sought to report the mean value of HOMA-IR in different subgroups of a large population-based database of Iranian healthy subjects.

Methods: This study recruited adult healthy individuals between the ages of 18 to 70 years old to Massoud Medical Laboratory, Tehran, Iran.

High resolution melting curve analysis for rapid detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants.

Since the emergence of the original Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 strain, several new variants of the virus have emerged. Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and the most recent Omicron variants have been introduced during this pandemic. Several methods including, but not restricted to, allele-specific PCR, ligation with rolling circle amplification and real-time PCR with allele-specific probes are able to detect mutations as low as a single nucleotide polymorphism.

Expression profiling of inflammation-related genes including IFI-16, NOTCH2, CXCL8, THBS1 in COVID-19 patients.

The present study aimed to scrutinize the expression profile of inflammatory-related genes (IFI-16, NOTCH2, CXCL8, and THBS1) from acute to post-acute stage of this infectious epidemic. The current cross-sectional study consisted of 53 acute-phase COVID-19 patients and 53 healthy individuals between February and March 2021. The extraction of total RNA was performed from PBMC specimens and also expression level of selected genes (IFI-16, NOTCH2, CXCL8, and THBS1) was evaluated by real-time PCR.

The Effectiveness of Oral Immunotherapy in Patients with Sesame Anaphylaxis using Omalizumab.

Objective: Sesame allergy is the most prevalent allergy to seeds. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is defined as continuous consumption of an allergen at special doses and time. Omalizumab (Anti-IgE) increases tolerance to allergens used in OIT.

Expression Pattern of Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines and Key Differential Transcription Factors in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Iranian Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients with Different Disease Severity.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines interferon (IFN), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)1, IL2, IL6, IL8, and IL17, and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL4, IL10, IFN, and IFN, as well as relevant key transcription factors (TFs), including GATA3, PU1, NF-B (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor 3), BCL6 (B cell lymphoma 6 protein), FOXP3 (forkhead box P3), RORt, and T-bet (T-box expressed in T cell) in Iranian patients with moderate and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fifty-six patients with COVID-19, and 25 healthy controls (HCs) age and sex matched were investigated. Based on the interim guidance of COVID-19 from the World Health Organization, the patients were classified into 33 moderate and 23 severe patients with COVID-19.

Comparison of circulating miR-148a and miR-126 with autoantibodies as biomarkers of lupus nephritis in patients with SLE.

Lupus nephritis (LN) is the main manifestation of systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and autoantibodies could be suitable candidate biomarkers of LN. This study evaluates the expression of circulating miR-148a and miR-126 along with anti-dsDNA, anti-C1q, and anti-C3b autoantibodies in SLE patients with LN (SLE + LN).

The roles of interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein in certain inflammatory conditions.

Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily proteins consisting of soluble and membranous isoforms. IL-1RAcP plays an essential role in the signaling of the IL-1 family cytokines such as IL-1, IL-33 and IL-36, as well as tyrosine kinases FLT3 and C-Kit. IL-1RAcP generally initiates inflammatory signaling pathway through the recruitment of signaling mediators, including MYD88 and IRAK.

Photodynamic Therapy Using Toluidine Blue O (TBO) Dye as a Photosensitizer against .

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is alternative treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and phenolthiazine dyes such as Toluidine Blue O (TBO) have the potential role in PDT and notably affect parasites inactivation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PDT by using TBO and a light-emitting diode (LED) in the treatment of zoonotic CL (ZCL).

Methods: The study was conducted in Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2018-2020.

Reference interval of antithrombin, protein C, and protein S activities in healthy adults in Iran, the effect of age, sex, oral contraceptive intake, and menopause.

Background: Antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), and protein S (PS) are natural anticoagulant proteins that deficiency in each of them is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism.The overlapping of plasma levels of AT, PC, and PS between healthy individuals and heterozygote carriers poses significant challenges in precise diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of most influencing variables on plasma levels of these proteins and propose specific reference intervals to improve the interpretation of the laboratory results.

The roles of Eph receptors, neuropilin-1, P2X7, and CD147 in COVID-19-associated neurodegenerative diseases: inflammasome and JaK inhibitors as potential promising therapies.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread worldwide, and finding a safe therapeutic strategy and effective vaccine is critical to overcoming severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, elucidation of pathogenesis mechanisms, especially entry routes of SARS-CoV-2 may help propose antiviral drugs and novel vaccines. Several receptors have been demonstrated for the interaction of spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 with host cells, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2), ephrin ligands and Eph receptors, neuropilin 1 (NRP-1), P2X7, and CD147.

Oral Wheat Immunotherapy: Long-Term Follow-Up in Children with Wheat Anaphylaxis.

Introduction: There has been substantial increase in food allergies in recent decades. The management of severe food allergy often includes strict avoidance and medical therapies. However, oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a promising treatment option for these patients, which is still being investigated.

Atopy Patch Test in the Diagnosis of Food Allergens in Infants with Allergic Proctocolitis Compared with Elimination/Introduction C.

Allergic proctocolitis is a cell-dependent food allergy that is present in both breast and formula-fed infants. The presence of blood with different amounts in the stool is the main manifestation of the disease. Different results have been published on the accuracy and specificity of the atopic patch test (APT).