SARS-CoV-2 serology among people with multiple sclerosis on disease-modifying therapies after BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) inactivated virus vaccination: Same story, different vaccine.

Background: Various studies indicated blunted humoral responses to COVID-19 mRNA and viral vector vaccines among people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) on sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators and anti-CD20 therapies (aCD20); however, limited evidence was found regarding SARS-CoV-2 serology after inactivated virus vaccination.

Objective: To provide evidence regarding humoral response to COVID-19 inactivated virus vaccination among pwMS on disease-modifying therapies (DMTs).

Methods: A cohort study was carried out in Isfahan, Iran, enrolling DMT-exposed pwMS and unexposed (UX) healthy participants.

Review of proposed different irradiation methods to inactivate food-processing viruses and microorganisms.

Coronaviruses, which have been enveloped nonsegmented positive-sense RNA viruses, were first mentioned in the mid-1960s and can attack people as well as a wide range of animals (including mammals and birds). Three zoonotic coronaviruses have been identified as the cause of large-scale epidemics over the last two decades: Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome (SADS). Epithelial cells in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract are the principal targeted cells, and viral shedding occurs via these systems in diverse ways such as through fomites, air, or feces.

Frequency of diencephalic syndrome in NMOSD.

Background: Diencephalic region of the brain harbors sites with a considerable amount of aquaporin-4 expression. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) primarily involves autoimmune processes against this molecule. However, little is known about the frequency of symptoms of diencephalic involvement in NMOSD patients.

COVID-19 and the Risk of Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Fight with No Bystander Effect?

Background: COVID-19 is speculated to increase the likelihood of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) exacerbation.

Objective: To investigate the association between contraction of COVID-19 and incidence of acute MS attacks in RRMS patients six months post-infection.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study compares the risk of relapse in RRMS patients with (n=56) and without COVID-19 (n=69).

Seizure incidence among neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) are a group of neuroinflammatory diseases, which mainly affect the optic nerve and spinal cord. NMOSD is an astrocytic channelopathy involving the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels in the central nervous system. Patients can present with seizure attacks as a first manifestation or relapse.

"NMDA receptor spectrum disorder" in the differential diagnosis of demyelinating disorders of the CNS: optic neuritis and myelitis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) antibody positivity in patients presenting with transverse myelitis (TM) and/or optic neuritis (ON), to describe their neurologic and radiological characteristics, and to compare these characteristics with those reported in previous studies.

Material And Methods: This study included 179 patients (ON: 96, TM: 74, ON and TM: 9) who visited Isfahan Multiple Sclerosis Center from January 2017 to September 2019, for approximately 32 months. The respective neurological examinations were performed.

The effect of fampridine on the risk of seizure in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Fampridine was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to improve walking in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, which was demonstrated by an increase in their walking speed. Nevertheless, the medication has been reported to possess an epileptogenic effect since it blocks the voltage-gated potassium channels in neural fibers. Several studies have indicated that the risk of seizure among fampridine consumers is not substantially higher than that in the general MS population, however.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome, Effect on Biopsy Findings.

Objective: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II. The ACE gene shows an I/D polymorphism, which correlates with ACE concentrations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the distribution of the ACE I/D genotype in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and healthy controls and study the effect of this polymorphism on clinical and pathologic findings.