Morphological Changes in the Retina Under Conditions of Experimental In Vivo Regional Ischemia/Reperfusion.

Two models of retinal ischemia/reperfusion were developed in an experiment on rats and structural changes in eye tissues in the early and late postischemic periods were studied. Ischemia/reperfusion was modeled by elevation of intraocular pressure to 110 mm Hg for 30 min with air injection into the anterior chamber of the eye with a special device or subconjunctival administration of 0.2 ml 4×10 M endothelin-1.

[Experimental realization of minimally invasive techniques of scleral collagen cross-linking].

Aim: To realize two minimally invasive techniques of scleral collagen cross-linking (SXL) at the equator and posterior pole of the eye: 1) targeted irradiation of the region with ultraviolet A (UVA) and 2) sub-Tenon injection of Sklerateks.

Material And Methods: To perform UVA-SXL, a tool was developed that includes a UV-LED light source (370 nm, 3 mW/cm2) and a polymer-coated silica multimode optical fiber located in one of the two channels of a detachable metal tip. The other channel is used to deliver riboflavin to the scleral surface.

[Pathological and molecular genetic characteristics in patients with extrabulbar growth of uveal melanoma].

Aim: to analyze the association of extrabulbar tumor growth with pathological and molecular genetic changes in patients with uveal melanoma (UM).

Subjects And Methods: A total of 134 UM patients aged 22 to 84 years were examined and treated. The mean height of the tumor was 9.

[Viral infections and retinoblastoma in children].

In this work, the results of a comprehensive laboratory examination of 37 children with retinoblastoma were described. The presence of Igm-, IgA, - IgG- antibodies to the herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus (СMV), epstein-Barr virus (eBV), human herpes virus (HHV) type 6, Toxoplasma gondii, mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum in the serum was tested using ELISA. In the polymerase chain reaction the DNA of these pathogens were detected in the blood plasma of 18 patients and tumor biopsy specimens from 10 eyes.

Experimental Modeling of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy. An Experimental Morphological Study.

A model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy induced by simultaneous intravitreal injection of recombinant IL-1β and platelet concentrate is created and its main morphological manifestations are studied on Chinchilla rabbits. The model reflects pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy: epiretinal membrane with the formation of retinal plication, traction detachment of the retina; moderate inflammatory reaction in the uveal tract, in the optic nerve infundibulum, in the vitreous body; intact structural elements of the retina, dissociation of the retinal pigmented epithelium cells with their subsequent migration. The model is adequate to the clinical picture of proliferative vitreoretinopathy in humans, which recommends it for experimental studies of the efficiency of drug therapy and prevention of this disease.

Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 reverses glaucomatous lesions in rabbits.

Glaucoma is the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. This disease is characterized by apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and visual field loss that seems to be related to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Several lines of evidences have implicated the crucial role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.

[Morphogenesis of complications after long-term intraocular silicon oil filling (clinical histopathological study)].

The question of necessity and time of silicon oil (SO) removal after tamponade for traumatic retinal detachment (TRD) is still controversial. So the study of changes in the eye filled with SO for a long time is of great interest. Histopathologic analysis of 9 enucleated eyes filled with SO for TRD during long-time period (from 6 months till 30 years) was performed.

[Congenital corneal staphylomas in children].

Clinical manifestation, results and outcomes of surgical treatment were studied in children with very rare anomaly of cornea and anterior segment. Symptoms and signs, histological findings are described in details, results of ophthalmoscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy and maternal ophthalmotrophic infections are studied in children with corneal staphylomas.

Novel intraocular and systemic absorption drug delivery and efficacy of N-acetylcarnosine lubricant eye drops or carcinine biologics in pharmaceutical usage and therapeutic vision care.

The latest estimates of the World Health Organization indicate that there are 161 million visually impaired individuals worldwide, 37 million of whom are blind, with a yearly increase of 1-2 million. The scientists developed and patented the lubricant eye drops formulated as 1%N-acetylcarnosine prodrug of l-carnosine containing a mucoadhesive cellulose-based compound combined with corneal absorption promoters in an ocular drug delivery system. Carcinine is suitable for the systemic administration (per oral) for ophthalmic therapeutic indications.

[Immunomorphology in the diagnosis of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma].

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using monoclonal antibodies is presently the most reliable method to verify tumor tissue belonging. The histological diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) was immunohistochemically confirmed in 7 of 10 orbital neoplasms in children. In 3 cases the diagnosis of RMS was established after IHC study that revealed the atypical tumor cell expression of the muscular antigens--myoglobin, protein Myo D1, actin HHF-35, which is indicative of the rhabdomyogenic genesis of a tumor.

Mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone derivatives as tools to interrupt execution of the aging program. 4. Age-related eye disease. SkQ1 returns vision to blind animals.

Mitochondria-targeted cationic plastoquinone derivative SkQ1 (10-(6'-plastoquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium) has been investigated as a potential tool for treating a number of ROS-related ocular diseases. In OXYS rats suffering from a ROS-induced progeria, very small amounts of SkQ1 (50 nmol/kg per day) added to food were found to prevent development of age-induced cataract and retinopathies of the eye, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in skeletal muscles, as well as a decrease in bone mineralization. Instillation of drops of 250 nM SkQ1 reversed cataract and retinopathies in 3-12-month-old (but not in 24-month-old) OXYS rats.

[Topography and functional changes of the rabbit retina with a single injection of triamcinolone].

Intravitreal injections of 6 and 8 mg of triamcinolone (kenalog) were studied for impact on the time course of electroretinographic changes and the retinal structure of healthy rabbits. Histopathological study failed to reveal the signs of toxic damage to the retina. The electroretinographic findings suggest that kenalog primarily affect the function of photoreceptors and Muller's glia.

[Histological studies of carbon felt (carbotextim M) in late periods after its orbital implantation].

The authors performed histological studies of a grown carbon felt implant and its adjacent tissues in late postoperative studies. During planned operations (cavity or stump correction), pieces of a grown implant with its adjacent tissues were taken for examination from 25 patients in whom carbon had been earlier implanted during enucleation and delayed stump plastic repair. Morphological studies indicated that mature connective tissue had grown between the fibers of the implant, that a connective tissue capsule had formed around the whole implant, and that there was no inflammatory reaction in both the implant itself and its adjacent tissues.

[Sympathetic ophthalmia. Clinical and morphological study in 6 cases after penetrating injury and subsequent repeated vitreoretinal operations].

The paper outlines the clinical and morphological picture of 6 sympathizing eyes enucleated in 1996 to 2003 after vitrectomy and other endovitreal interventions into early injured or operated eyes. Resurgery was attempted early after wounds or a primary operation on the average following 20 days. Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) generally occurred in the posterior uveal tract as panuveitis or posterior uveitis and diagnosed in the late periods.

[Acute enterovirus uveitis in infants].

Enterovirus uveitis (EU) is a new infant eye disease that was first detected and identified in Russia in 1980-1981. Three subtypes of human echoviruses (EV19K, EV11A, and EV11/B) caused 5 nosocomial outbreaks of EU in different Siberian cities and towns in 1980-1989, by affecting more than 750 children mainly below one year of age. Sporadic and focal EU cases (more than 200) were also retrospectively diagnosed in other regions of Russia and in different countries of the former Soviet Union.

[New modification of autoconjunctival plastic surgery in urgent corneal surgery].

A new modification of plastic repair of deep defects of the cornea was performed: autoconjunctival plasty of the cornea with a flap on a pedicle with its rigid fixation in the corneal bed. The operation was carried out in 30 patients with infectious, trophic, and autoimmune involvement of the cornea, 24 of these with perforation of the cornea. The patients were observed for 1 year after the operation.

[Induction of posterior detachment of the vitreous body by intraoperative vitreo-syneresis with injection of water-soluble polymers (an experimental-morphological study)].

The capacity of water-soluble polymers (polyethylenimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone with copolymers) to induce posterior detachment of the vitreous by its rapid condensation (vitreosynerysis) was studied in experiments on 14 rabbits. Histological studies showed that water-soluble polymers specifically react forming complexes with components of the vitreous. The vitreous shrinks under the effect of polyelectrolytes (vitreosynerysis), which leads to its posterior detachment 1.

[Experimental study of cytokines complex inhibitory effect on wound healing after glaucoma filtering operations: histopathological and immunochemical findings].

Experiments on a model of glaucoma filtering operation in 25 rabbits showed that the natural cytokine complex inhibited the operation wound healing in comparison with the control. The complex was prepared by an original method (culturing peripheral blood leukocytes) at Immunology Department of the Russian State Medical University. Histopathological study revealed delayed formation of cicatricial tissue under the effect of cytokines.

[Clinical and immunomorphological parallels in posttraumatic uveitis].

Parallels between the clinical diagnosis, immunological parameters of the leukocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT) to eye tissue antigens (uveoretinal, lenticular, and retinal), and morphological picture are studied in patients with posttraumatic uveitis and consequences of grave penetrating injuries to the eye without uveitis symptoms. Cell sensitization to uveoretinal antigen is detected only in posttraumatic uveitis but not in consequences of injuries without uveitis. The authors come to a conclusion that only positive LMIT with uveoretinal or a combination of uveoretinal and lenticular antigens may be considered as an immunological validation of autoimmune posttraumatic uveitis.