[Mckittrick-Wheelock syndrome as a rare manifestation of villous adenoma of the rectum].

McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome is a rare disease when villous adenoma of the distal colon predisposes to profuse watery diarrhea with subsequent severe electrolyte disturbances and acute renal damage. A differentiated approach to correct diagnosis requires in-depth pathophysiological knowledge of regulation of water-electrolyte metabolism, functional and organic disorders of gastrointestinal tract and clinical manifestations of hypoosmolar dehydration. The peculiarity of the McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome is a 100% probability of death without treatment and complete regression of symptoms under complex correction of homeostasis and total resection of tumor.

[Oral nutrition supplements: applied classification of formulas and basic rules of their prescribing in oncology].

Unlabelled: The analysis of current data concerning the use of oral nutrition supplements (ONS) in cancer patients has been performed. The aim of the research is improving the effectiveness of medical nutrition in cancer patients by clarifying terms, definitions, developing an applied classification of ONS formulas and outlining the basic approaches for their use.

Material And Methods: Using the keywords «cancer», «oral nutritional supplements», and «siping», the literature was searched in such databases as eLIBRARY (elibrary.

Influence of Regional Anesthesia on the Rate of Chronic Postthoracotomy Pain Syndrome in Lung Cancer Patients.

Purpose: Our study aimed to assess whether the type of regional anesthesia influenced the incidence of chronic postthoracotomy pain syndrome (CPTPS).

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized study that included 300 patients undergoing lung cancer resection using thoracotomy. They were randomized into three groups: paravertebral nerve block (PVB), thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA), and intercostal nerve block (INB).

[Regional and peripheral blockades for prevention of chronic post-thoracotomy pain syndrome in oncosurgical practice].

Aim: To compare an effectiveness of thoracic epidural anesthesia/analgesia, paravertebral and intercostal blockades in prevention of chronic post-thoracotomy pain syndrome (CPTPS) in oncosurgery.

Material And Methods: There were 300 patients who underwent open surgery including lobectomy or pneumonectomy. Patients were randomized into 3 groups depending on type of anesthesia: TEA (n=100) - combined general and epidural anesthesia; PVB (n=50) - combined general and paravertebral anesthesia; ICB (n=50) - general anesthesia was supplemented by intercostal blockade after removal of the drug.

[Anaesthesia and intensive care during intraoperative intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer (literature review and own clinical experience)].

Unlabelled: Despite a steady decline in the incidence in recent decades, gastric cancer remains one of the most frequent causes of death from cancer in the world. By the time of diagnosis the tumor process is locally advanced or generalized in nearly 70% of patients that reduces the possibility of radical surgical treatment. Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a one of the main causes of treatment failure.

[Background and perspectives of opioid analgesics for the treatment of chronic pain in cancer patients in Russia].

The article deals with an analysis of availability of narcotic analgesics for the patients in the Russian Federation. The analysis was based on datafrom official sources on the scopes of opioids delivery in different regions of the Russian Federation and showed an extremely limited availability of narcotic analgesics for the patients in the Russian Federation. We found that availability of narcotic analgesics in Russia is hundreds times lower than the same indexes in European countries with various level of economic activity and in the USA.

[Effects of prolonged thoracic epidural analgesia on the frequency of postoperative atrial fibrillation in thoracic surgery].

Unlabelled: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) has remained one of the most common complications that occur following non-cardiac thoracic surgery. Although it is dificult to determine the true incidence ofPOAF due to various methodologies used to identify its occurrence, reported rates have varied between 12 and 67%. The occurrence of POAF is associated with significant morbidity, such as increased risk ofstroke, atrial thrombosis and systemic mbolism, postoperative mortality, and significant increases in hospital length of stay and costs.

[Prophylaxis of hepatic insufficiency after major hepatic resections].

Unlabelled: The article deals with a problem of prophylaxis of hepatic insufficiency in oncological patients after liver resections.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed data of effectiveness and safety of the use of Remaxol in oncological patients with hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer--dynamics of indicators of cytolysis and cholestasis, hepatic protein synthesis, exchange of pigments, pro- and antioxidant system and the level of endogen intoxication in postoperative period.

Results: Use of Remaxol allows decreasing the duration of postoperative rehabilitation and intensive care unit staying.

[Role of migraine history in the development of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing general and combined general-epidural anesthesia].

Purpose Of The Study: To assess the role of migraine history in the development of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing general and combined general-epidural anaesthesia.

Materials And Methods: 127 women with oncogynecological pathology were randomized into 3 groups according to anaesthesia method. Patients of the group C (comparative group; n = 43; 18 with migraine) received general anaesthesia.

[The problem of perioperative care of patients with high risk of heart arrhythmias in oncosurgery].

This review is devoted to analysis of the world experience of perioperative care in patients with high risk of development and aggravation of heart rhythm and conduction disturbances. There was given the definition of the arrhythmia, their modern classification, described the mechanisms of formation and causes of long duration. Special attention is paid to the problem of perioperative arrhythmias in oncosurgery, which is characterized by the extent and traumatic interventions in reflexogenic zones in patients with nutritive deficiency, hypovolaemia, anemia, electrolyte imbalance.

[The algorith of preoperative cardiovascular therapy in high risk elderly oncology patients].

The study was based on 478 oncology patients (72.1 +/- 3.6 years old) with cardiovascular comorbidities operated from 1991 to 2008 in regards of abdominal and pelvic mainly 3rd stage tumors with multimodal general anesthesia (4.

[Diagnosis and risk assessment of perioperative cardiovascular complications in geriatric patients in oncological surgery].

Cardiovascular events (CVE) developing at the stages of surgical treatment in 449 geriatric (aged 72 +/- 5.8 years) cancer patients with concomitant cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. Statistical analysis was used to compare and establish a discrepancy between the results of a predictable risk by the standard scale of the international perioperative CV risk index (ICVRI) and the actually developed complications.

[Choice of components and a method of anesthesia in geriatric cancer patients with high cardiovascular risk].

Investigations were made at surgical treatment stages in 102 cancer patients (mean age 72 +/- 5.8 years) at high cardiovascular risk, who received continuous therapy that reduced heart rate and blood pressure, in order to compensate for the course of coronary heart disease and arterial hypertension. The time course of changes in the major circulatory and metabolic parameters was analyzed in patients during operations on the abdomen and small pelvis while using three different multimodal anesthetic techniques (general intravenous anesthesia-based diazepam, propofol, fentanyl, ketamine; sevofluorane-based inhalational; combined epidural and intravenous one).

[Intra- and postoperative correction of bradycardia by transesophageal electric stimulation].

The authors describe a case of clinical use of transesophageal pacing to correct drug-induced bradycardia during anesthesia, surgery, and in the early postoperative period in a geriatric patient with severe cardiovascular comorbidity who has been long receiving a beta-adrenoblocker. They show it possible to employ the procedure long in the therapy of bradyarrhythmias resistant to the cholinolytic atropine.

[General intravenous anesthesia with spontaneous respiration for noncavitary interventions in cancer].

Two new variants of total intravenous anesthesia with spontaneous respiration were used in 307 female patients subjected to noncavitary interventions for cancer and gynecological cancer. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) total anesthesia with midasolam, fentanyl, and calipsol and 2) the same + propofol. Preventive analgesia by preoperative injections of peripheral analgesics was carried out in both groups.