Correction: Brain targeted delivery of rapamycin using transferrin decorated nanostructured lipid carriers.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.

Transferrin decorated-nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are a promising delivery system for rapamycin in Alzheimer's disease: An in vivo study.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway could regulate learning and memory. The effect of rapamycin (Rapa) on mTOR activity could slow or prevent the progression of AD by affecting various essential cellular processes.

Trimethyl-Chitosan Coated Gold Nanoparticles Enhance Delivery, Cellular Uptake and Gene Silencing Effect of EGFR-siRNA in Breast Cancer Cells.

Despite the promising therapeutic effects of gene silencing with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), the challenges associated with delivery of siRNAs to the tumor cells , has greatly limited its clinical application. To overcome these challenges, we employed gold nanoparticles modified with trimethyl chitosan (TMC) as an effective delivery carrier to improve the stability and cellular uptake of siRNAs against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that is implicated in breast cancer. AuNPs were prepared by the simple aqueous reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl) with ascorbic acid and coated with synthesized TMC.

Brain targeted delivery of rapamycin using transferrin decorated nanostructured lipid carriers.

Recent studies showed that rapamycin, as a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, could have beneficial therapeutic effects for the central nervous system (CNS) related diseases. However, the immunosuppressive effect of rapamycin as an adverse effect, the low water solubility, and the rapid in vivo degradation along with the blood-brain barrier-related challenges restricted the clinical use of this drug for brain diseases. To overcome these drawbacks, a transferrin (Tf) decorated nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) containing rapamycin was designed and developed.

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing rapamycin for prevention of corneal fibroblasts proliferation and haze propagation after burn injuries: In vitro and in vivo.

Chemical burns are a major cause of corneal haze and blindness. Corticosteroids are commonly used after corneal burns to attenuate the severity of the inflammation-related fibrosis. While research efforts have been aimed toward application of novel therapeutics.

Comparative study of in vitro release and mucoadhesivity of gastric compacts composed of multiple unit system/bilayered discs using direct compression of metformin hydrochloride.

Introduction: Metformin is an oral anti-diabetic drug in the biguanide class. The goal of this study was to develop gastric-retentive MH discs in order to prolong the retention of drug in gastric mucosa.

Methods: Two groups of metformin hydrochloride (MH) mucoadhesive gastroretentive discs were prepared: (a) bilayered discs prepared by direct compression of powders containing polymers as Carbopol 934P (CP, mucoadhesive polymer) and ethylcellulose (EC, rotardant polymer), (b) multiple unit system (microparticle) discs prepared by the emulsification, solvent evaporation, and compression technique from microparticles using polymers CP and EC.

Formulation and Evaluation of In-vitro Characterization of Gastic-Mucoadhesive Microparticles/Discs Containing Metformin Hydrochloride.

The present study involves preparation and evaluation of gastric-mucoadhesive microparticles with Metformin Hydrochloride as model drug for prolongation of gastric residence time. The microparticles were prepared by the emulsification solvent evaporation technique using polymers of Carbomer 934p (CP) and Ethylcellulose (EC). The microparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method (O1/O2).

Biosensor based on laccase immobilized on plasma polymerized allylamine/carbon electrode.

In this work, a simple and rapid method was used to functionalize carbon electrode in order to efficiently immobilize laccase for biosensor application. A stable allylamine coating was deposited using a low pressure inductively excited RF tubular plasma reactor under mild plasma conditions (low plasma power (10 W), few minutes) to generate high density amine groups (N/C ratio up to 0.18) on rough carbon surface electrodes.

Plasma functionalized carbon electrode for laccase-catalyzed oxygen reduction by direct electron transfer.

For the first time, a fast and versatile technique, an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ), has been used to functionalise graphite carbon electrodes for biofuel cell applications. The bioelectrode was functionalized by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) system using air, oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) plasmas applied for only a few seconds. XPS analysis showed that carboxylic groups were created on the carbon substrates using both air and O2 plasmas, while mainly carbonyl and amine/amide functionalities were generated using N2 plasmas.

Retrospective analysis of urologic complications in male patients with spinal cord injury managed with and without indwelling urinary catheters.

Objectives: To compare, in a retrospective fashion, the long-term urologic complications in male patients with spinal cord injury managed with and without indwelling urinary catheters.

Methods: The records of 142 consecutive male patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries sustained between 1975 and 1985 (inclusive) were reviewed. Fifty-six patients were managed with indwelling urinary catheters, and 86 were managed without an indwelling catheter.

Screening cystoscopy and survival of spinal cord injured patients with squamous cell cancer of the bladder.

Purpose: Yearly cystoscopy has been advocated in spinal cord injured patients with chronic or recurrent urinary tract infections secondary to the increased risk of squamous cell cancer of the bladder. We examined the effectiveness of this protocol in our patients.

Materials And Methods: The medical records of all spinal cord injured patients with squamous cell cancer of the bladder between 1980 and 1996 were reviewed for the method of detection of the lesion.

A randomized trial of acetohydroxamic acid for the treatment and prevention of infection-induced urinary stones in spinal cord injury patients.

Acetohydroxamic acid is known to inhibit bacterial urease activity, thus, reducing urinary ammonia levels. A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of acetohydroxamic acid was conducted at 12 Veterans Administration spinal cord injury units. A total of 210 male spinal cord injury patients with chronic urea-splitting urinary infection was enrolled for a scheduled followup of 2 years.

The effect of modified transurethral sphincterotomy on autonomic dysreflexia.

Autonomic dysreflexia continues to be a major problem in spinal cord injury patients. In our report 16 patients with spinal cord lesions above the T6 level and a history of autonomic dysreflexia also had detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. Of these patients 12 (75 per cent) had evidence of dysreflexia during cystometry.

Urinary fistulae after radical ischiectomies in surgery of ischial pressure sores.

In the early fifties, total ischiectomy was in vogue as a procedure in the surgical treatment of ischial pressure sores. The immediate results by various authors were impressive. One of us, however (A.

Gentamicin disposition kinetics in humans with spinal cord injury.

The disposition kinetics of gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, were studied in seven tetraplegic and six paraplegic volunteers. The volume of distribution of gentamicin in l/kg of body weight varied in a statistically significant way from values of this parameter measured in normal subjects. The elimination of gentamicin in spinal man proceeded in a log-linear fashion accurately characterized by a one compartment open-model with a half-life of approximately 2 hours.

Urolithiasis in patients with spinal cord injury.

The composition of the stone was determined in 24 paraplegic patients from whom 26 stones were surgically removed. Twenty-five of the 26 stones consisted of 90 per cent magnesium ammonium phosphate and 10 per cent carbonate apatite. The remaining single stone was composed of 90 per cent calcium oxalate and 10 per cent magnesium ammonium phosphate.

Incapacitating flank pain of questionable renal origin.

Local anesthetics can play a significant role in the diagnosis, and possible definitive treatment, of previously intractable flank pain. Numerous patients may thus be spared unnecessary physical and mental anguish, as well as unnecessary surgery.