Analysis of genetic association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene FokI polymorphism in Bangladeshi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex and multifaceted disease that contributes significantly to Bangladesh's disease burden. Both polygene abnormalities and environmental factors contribute to this genetic condition. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) has immunomodulatory functions that may contribute to the developmentof type 2 diabetes.

Metformin ameliorates neuroinflammatory environment for neurons and astrocytes during in vitro and in vivo stroke and tobacco smoke chemical exposure: Role of Nrf2 activation.

Despite the protective nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and brain-protecting tissues, some types of CNS injury or stress can cause cerebral cytokine production and profound alterations in brain function. Neuroinflammation, which can also be accompanied by increased cerebral cytokine production, has a remarkable impact on the pathogenesis of many neurological illnesses, including loss of BBB integrity and ischemic stroke, yet effective treatment choices for these diseases are currently lacking. Although little is known about the brain effects of Metformin (MF), a commonly prescribed first-line antidiabetic drug, prior research suggested that it may be useful in preventing BBB deterioration and the increased risk of stroke caused by tobacco smoking (TS).

The Acute Impact of Propofol on Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Mice.

Purpose: We investigated whether short term infusion of propofol, a highly lipophilic agonist at GABA receptors, which is in widespread clinical use as anesthetic and sedative, affects passive blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in vivo.

Methods: Mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine/xylazine followed by a continuous IV infusion of propofol in lipid emulsion through a tail vein catheter. Control groups received ketamine/xylazine anesthesia and an infusion of Intralipid, or ketamine/xylazine anesthesia only.

Evaluation of Systemic and Brain Pharmacokinetic Parameters for Repurposing Metformin Using Intravenous Bolus Administration.

Metformin's potential in treating ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative conditions is of growing interest. Yet, the absence of established systemic and brain pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters at relevant pre-clinical doses presents a significant knowledge gap. This study highlights these PK parameters and the importance of using pharmacologically relevant pre-clinical doses to study pharmacodynamics (PD) in stroke and related neurodegenerative diseases.

Impact of electronic cigarette exposure on neonatal neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function.

Despite the prevalence of the perception that electronic cigarettes (e-cig) are a safer alternative to tobacco smoke, growing concern about their potential toxic impact warrants adequate investigation focusing on special populations like maternal and pediatric groups. This study evaluated the consequences of maternal e-cig use on neonatal neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function in primary cultured neurons and postnatal day (PD) 7 and 90 brain. Pregnant CD1 mice were exposed to e-cig vapor (2.

Permeability of Metformin across an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model during Normoxia and Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Conditions: Role of Organic Cation Transporters (Octs).

Our lab previously established that metformin, a first-line type two diabetes treatment, activates the Nrf2 pathway and improves post-stroke recovery. Metformin's brain permeability value and potential interaction with blood-brain barrier (BBB) uptake and efflux transporters are currently unknown. Metformin has been shown to be a substrate of organic cationic transporters (Octs) in the liver and kidneys.

Etoricoxib treatment prevented body weight gain and ameliorated oxidative stress in the liver of high-fat diet-fed rats.

The main focus of this study was to determine the role of etoricoxib in counterbalancing the oxidative stress, metabolic disturbances, and inflammation in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese rats. To conduct this study, 28 male Wistar rats (weighing 190-210 g) were distributed randomly into four groups: control, control + etoricoxib, HF, and HF + etoricoxib. After 8 weeks of treatment with etoricoxib (200 mg/kg), all the animals were sacrificed followed by the collection of blood and tissue samples in order to perform biochemical tests along with histological staining on hepatic tissues.

FAM98A is localized to stress granules and associates with multiple stress granule-localized proteins.

Stress granules are evolutionally conserved ribonucleoprotein structures that are formed in response to various stress stimuli. Recent studies have demonstrated that proteins with low complexity (LC) regions play a critical role for the formation of stress granules. In this study, we report that FAM98A, whose biological functions are unknown, is a novel component of stress granules.

SATB1 and SATB2 play opposing roles in c-Myc expression and progression of colorectal cancer.

Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 and 2 (SATB1/2) are nuclear matrix-associated proteins involved in chromatin remodeling and regulation of gene expression. SATB2 acts as a tumor suppressor in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and colon cancer, whereas SATB1 promotes the progression of numerous types of cancers. In this study, we examined the effects of SATB1 and SATB2 on the malignant characteristics of colorectal cancer cells.

FAM98A is a novel substrate of PRMT1 required for tumor cell migration, invasion, and colony formation.

Protein arginine methylation, which is mediated by a family of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), is associated with numerous fundamental cellular processes. Accumulating studies have revealed that the expression of multiple PRMTs promotes cancer progression. In this study, we examined the role of PRMT1 in ovarian cancer cells.

Relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic study of two trimetazidine modified release formulations in healthy Bangladeshi male volunteers.

Trimetazidine (CAS 5011-34-7) is an effective and well-tolerated antianginal drug that possesses protective properties against ischemia-induced heart injury. The relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic characteristics of two modified release formulations of 35 mg trimetazidine, one as the test product (Metacard MR) and one as the reference product, were compared in healthy Bangladeshi male volunteers. The randomized, two-way crossover study was conducted in 24 healthy male volunteers after administration of a single 35 mg dose of each modified release formulation after 12-h overnight fasting, with a washout period of two weeks.