Effects of undesired substances and their bioaccumulation on the black soldier fly larvae, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)-a literature review.

Black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is predominantly reared on organic wastes and other unused complementary substrates. However, BSF may have a buildup of undesired substances in their body.

The Application of FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for the Authentication Analysis of Horse Milk.

Expensive milk such as horse's milk (HM) may be the target of adulteration by other milk such as goat's milk (GM) and cow's milk (CM). FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and multivariate calibrations of partial least square regression (PLSR) and principal component regression (PCR) was used for authentication of HM from GM and CM. Milk was directly subjected to attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectral measurement at midinfrared regions (4000-650 cm).

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and their affinity for organic waste processing.

There are two major problems that we are facing currently. Firstly, a growing human population continues to contribute to the increased food demand. Secondly, the volume of organic waste produced will threaten human health and the quality of the environment.

Clinical characteristics of dogs with food-responsive protein-losing enteropathy.

Background: In dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), data on the clinical characteristics of food-responsive PLE (FR-PLE) remain scarce.

Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics of FR-PLE in dogs responsive to ultralow-fat diet (ULFD) management.

Animals: Thirty-three dogs diagnosed with PLE based on standard diagnostic criteria.

Effect of acute volume loading on left atrial strain values derived from two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardiac acute volume loading effect on left atrial (LA) strain and strain rate (SR) parameters derived from two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) in healthy dogs. Six healthy beagles were anesthetized and subjected to increase cardiac preload by intravenous infusion with lactated Ringer solution at 150 ml/kg/hr for 90 min. A Swan-Ganz catheter was placed to directly measure the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP).

Plasma-free amino acid profiles in dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Metabolomic analysis using blood samples has been suggested to be useful for the early detection of cancer. Among metabolites, plasma-free amino acid (PFAA) profiles are potential diagnostic biomarkers for several diseases including cancer. However, the relationship between PFAA concentrations and liver tumors in dogs remains unknown.

Predictive factors of malignancy in dogs with focal liver lesions using clinical data and ultrasonographic features.

A definitive diagnosis of focal liver lesions (FLLs) requires invasive procedures for histopathologic examination. Thus, a simpler noninvasive diagnostic method, such as conventional ultrasonography combined with clinical data, is needed for the prediction of liver malignancy. The objective of this study was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of clinical data and ultrasonographic (US) features to differentiate benign and malignant liver lesions.

Evaluation of liver and spleen stiffness of healthy dogs by use of two-dimensional shear wave elastography.

Objective: To assess liver and spleen stiffness in healthy dogs by use of a novel 2-D shear wave elastography (SWE) technique and to investigate the repeatability and reproducibility of the technique.

Animals: 8 healthy adult Beagles.

Procedures: 2-D SWE was performed on each dog to assess liver and spleen stiffness.

Evaluation of duodenal perfusion by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy and intestinal lymphoma.

Background: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) can be used to evaluate intestinal perfusion in healthy dogs. It is helpful for diagnosing and monitoring inflammatory bowel disease in humans and could be useful for dogs with chronic intestinal diseases.

Objectives: To examine duodenal perfusion in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) and intestinal lymphoma.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is a feasible technique for quantifying hepatic microvascular perfusion in dogs with extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunts.

Extrahepatic-congenital portosystemic shunt is a vascular anomaly that connects the portal vein to the systemic circulation and leads to a change in hepatic microvascular perfusion. However, an assessment of hepatic microvascular perfusion is limited by conventional diagnostic modalities. The aim of this prospective, exploratory study was to assess hepatic microvascular perfusion in dogs with extrahepatic-congenital portosystemic shunt using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) using perfluorobutane (Sonazoid ).

Three new abietane-type diterpenoids from the leaves of Indonesian Plectranthus scutellarioides.

Three new diterpenoids, spiroscutelones A-C (1-3), along with known diterpene 4, were isolated from the leaves of Plectranthus scutellarioides. Their structures were established based on extensive spectroscopic analyses, including MS and NMR spectroscopy. Spiroscutelone A (1) represents the first example of an abietane-type terpenoid skeleton with a cyclobutane moiety linking the B and C rings.

The effect of sedation with a combination of butorphanol and midazolam on quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of duodenum in healthy dogs.

Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) enables non-invasive and objective evaluation of intestinal perfusion by quantifying the intensity of enhancement on the intestine after microbubble contrast administration. During CEUS scanning, sedation is sometimes necessary to maintain animal cooperation. Nevertheless, the effect of sedative administration on the canine intestinal CEUS is unknown.

Repeatability and reproducibility of quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for assessing duodenal perfusion in healthy dogs.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with microbubbles as a contrast agent allows the visualization and quantification of tissue perfusion. The assessment of canine intestinal perfusion by quantitative CEUS may provide valuable information for diagnosing and monitoring chronic intestinal disorders. This study aimed to assess the repeatability (intraday variability) and reproducibility (interday variability) of quantitative duodenal CEUS in healthy dogs.

Stimulation of colorectal biopsies from miniature dachshunds with inflammatory colorectal polyps with toll-like receptor ligands: A pilot study.

Inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRPs) in miniature dachshunds (MDs) are a possible novel form of breed-specific canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this pilot study, we investigated the effects of different Toll like receptor (TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9) ligands on pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) gene expression in ex vivo-cultured colorectal samples from four MDs with ICRPs and four healthy MDs. At baseline, no significant difference in the mRNA expression levels of TLRs and pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed between cases and control MDs.

Filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z inhibitors from Glycyrrhiza glabra and their inhibitory mode of action.

FtsZ is an essential protein for bacterial cell division, and an attractive and underexploited novel antibacterial target protein. Screening of Indonesian plants revealed the inhibitory activity of the methanol extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra on the Bacillus subtilis FtsZ (BsFtsZ) GTPase, and further bioassay-guided fractionation of the active methanol extract led to the isolation of seven known polyketides (1-7). Among them, gancaonin I (1), glycyrin (3), and isolicoflavanol (5) exhibited anti-BsFtsZ GTPase activities, at levels comparable to that of the synthetic FtsZ inhibitor, Zantrin Z3.

Expression of apical junction complex proteins in colorectal mucosa of miniature dachshunds with inflammatory colorectal polyps.

We examine the expression of tight junction and adherence junction proteins in the colorectal mucosa of miniature dachshunds (MDs) with inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRPs). Colorectal mucosa samples were endoscopically obtained from 8 MDs with ICRPs and 8 control dogs for immunoblotting. Paraffin-embedded tissues of surgically resected inflamed lesions from another 5 MDs with ICRPs and full-thickness colorectal specimens from 5 healthy beagles were obtained for immunohistochemistry.

Effects of experimental cardiac volume loading on left atrial phasic function in healthy dogs.

OBJECTIVE To elucidate the relationship between acute volume overload and left atrial phasic function in healthy dogs. ANIMALS 6 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURES Dogs were anesthetized.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the hepatic vein in normal dogs.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of the hepatic vein can assess intrahepatic hemodynamic changes and has been studied as a noninvasive method to assess the severity of portal hypertension and hepatic fibrosis in humans. However, few reports have described its usefulness in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this study was to characterize CEUS findings of the hepatic vein in normal dogs and assess the repeatability of this method both in a conscious group (n=6) and a sedated group (n=6).

Two new cyclopentenones and a new furanone from Baeckea frutescens and their cytotoxicities.

Two new cyclopentenones, frutescencenones A (1) and B (2), and a new furanone derivative, frutescencenone C (3), together with two known cyclopentenones (4 and 5), were isolated from the leaves of Baeckea frutescens. Their structures were deduced by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, and HREIMS data. Frutescencenone A (1) showed moderate growth inhibitory activity against human lung A549, pancreatic PSN-1, and breast MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 36.

New cytotoxic phloroglucinols, baeckenones D-F, from the leaves of Indonesian Baeckea frutescens.

Three new phloroglucinols, baeckenones D-F (1-3), were obtained from the leaves of Indonesian Baeckea frutescens, along with the known unusual endoperoxide, phloroglucinol (4). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and HREIMS spectra. Furthermore, the stereochemistry of baeckenone D (1) was established by an X-ray diffraction analysis.