Alveolar bone loss is a significant contributor to tooth loss in dentate HIV+ patients: A retrospective study.

Background: The study objectives were to determine tooth loss prevalence and to investigate the relationship between tooth loss and potential risk factors among adult dentate HIV+ patients on newer antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens.

Methods: Health records of 450 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals were surveyed. Eighty-eight records of dentate HIV+ individuals with full-mouth periodontal charting and intra-oral periapical radiographs were identified.

An evidence-based teaching approach enhances student learning of periodontal disease pathogenesis.

Purpose/objectives: To evaluate the effects of implementing an evidence-based teaching approach (EBTA) in a traditional dental curriculum course on predoctoral dental students' knowledge and attitudes about evidence-based dentistry, and to determine its benefit on enhancing students' academic performance.

Methods: Fundamentals of periodontics for first-year dental students (D1, n = 100) span a period of 12 weeks. In the first 6 weeks, we teach the basic principles of periodontal disease pathogenesis and introduce the concepts of EBTA (basics of research study design, statistical principles, literature search, and critically analyzing the evidence) without active implementation.

Metabolomic profiles of obesity and subgingival microbiome in periodontally healthy individuals: A cross-sectional study.

Aim: Since blood metabolomic profiles of obese individuals are known to be altered, our objective was to examine the association between obesity-related metabolic patterns and subgingival microbial compositions in obese and non-obese periodontally healthy individuals.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-nine periodontally healthy subjects were enrolled. Based on body mass index scores, 20 subjects were categorized as lean and 19 as obese.

Oral Squamous Papilloma Mimicking Oral Verrucous Leukoplakia.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a non-enveloped DNA virus that causes a variety of skin and mucosal lesions. This report reviews a likely HPV-related lesion of oral squamous cell papilloma clinically mimicking oral verrucous leukoplakia. A 71-year-old white male presented with a raised white lesion on the palatal mucosa.

Cross-sectional comparisons of subgingival microbiome and gingival fluid inflammatory cytokines in periodontally healthy vegetarians versus non-vegetarians.

Background: Vegetarian diets are known to reduce inflammation. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that reduced inflammation associated with a vegetarian diet would promote a more commensal subgingival bacterial profile.

Methods: A total of 39 periodontally healthy subjects (PD ≤3 mm, bleeding on probing <10%) were enrolled.

Gingival Fluid Inflammatory Biomarkers and Hypertension in African Americans.

Hypertension and periodontitis are highly prevalent among African Americans. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationships among inflammatory biomarkers in the gingival fluid, periodontitis, and blood pressure in these individuals. Twenty-one subjects who reported a diagnosis of hypertension and a comparison group of 26 nonhypertensive participants were enrolled.

Aggressive forms of periodontitis secondary to systemic disorders.

A number of systemic disorders increase a patient's susceptibility to destructive periodontitis and have impacts on periodontal disease progression and severity. The underlying factors are usually genetic and are mainly related to alterations in the immune response and in certain endocrine functions, leading to various syndromes in which periodontitis and/or early tooth loss are secondary manifestations. Neutrophils are important immune defense cells that play a significant role in controlling the spread of microbial plaque infections in the dentogingival region.

Neutrophil function and periodontitis in alcohol-dependent males without medical disorders.

Background: Periodontitis and immune dysfunction are often reported in alcohol-dependent patients. Our objectives were to investigate the effects of alcohol exposure on neutrophil function and the associated consequential effects on the periodontium in a group of African American (AA) males with documented history of alcohol use without medical complications.

Methods: Thirty-three AA males with documented history of alcohol use were included in this analysis.

Salivary thiol levels and periodontal parameters assessed with a chromogenic strip.

Periodontitis tends to be associated with bacteria that use sulfate as an energy source and produce thiol compounds that contain sulfhydryl (-SH) groups. This study used a chromogenic thiol-detecting strip to investigate whole saliva -SH concentration (SS) in subjects with and without periodontal disease. Ninety-six subjects were enrolled; all underwent periodontal evaluations, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth measurements (PD), and attachment levels (AL).

Oxidative burst intensity of peripheral phagocytic cells and periodontitis in Down syndrome.

Background: This study investigated the oxidative burst function of peripheral phagocytic cells (granulocytes and monocytes) and assessed the relation between oxidative burst and periodontal status in adult individuals with Down syndrome (DS) vs. other groups.

Methods: Of 55 DS individuals (18-56 years old), 74 individuals with mental retardation (MR) and 88 medically healthy controls (HC) participated in the study.

A comparison of computed tomography scans and digital periapical radiographs ridge height measurements.

To investigate the agreement between computerized tomography scans (CT) and intraoral periapical digital radiographs (PA) alveolar ridge height measurements in maxillary and mandibular posterior regions. We reviewed 100 implant patient radiographic records and identified 27 mandibular sites in 19 patients and 23 maxillary sites in 13 patients with available CT scans and matching PA radiographs. The distance from the crest of the ridge to the floor of the maxillary sinus or to the superior border of the inferior alveolar canal was measured.

Probing and scaling instrumentation on implant abutment surfaces: an in vitro study.

Purpose: To investigate surface roughness on the apical collar of implant abutments caused by probing and scaling instruments.

Materials And Methods: Fourteen transmucosal abutments (BioHorizons, Atlanta, GA) and 4 instruments: UNC-15 metal probe, Periowise plastic probe, McCall SM 17/18 metal scaler, and universal plastic scaler were used to conduct the study. Four abutments were used for nontreated measures, and 10 abutments were treated with the 4 indicated instruments.

Subgingival microbiota in adult Down syndrome periodontitis.

Background And Objective: The subgingival microbiota in Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome adults receiving periodic dental care was examined for 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization and the results were related to clinical periodontal attachment loss.

Material And Methods: A total of 44 Down syndrome, 66 non-Down syndrome mentally retarded and 83 mentally normal adults were clinically evaluated. This involved, for each subject, the removal of subgingival specimens from three interproximal sites on different teeth; all subgingival samples per subject were then pooled and assessed for the presence and levels of 40 bacterial species using species-specific whole-genomic DNA probes and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization.

Phagocytic cell activity and periodontitis in Down syndrome.

Background: This study investigated the phagocytic function of peripheral granulocytes and monocytes from adult individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and assessed the relation between phagocytic function and periodontal status.

Methods: Fifty-five DS individuals (18-56 years old), 74 mentally retarded individuals, and 88 medically healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. Gingival inflammation index, plaque index, probing depth, periodontal attachment level (AL), and bleeding on probing were taken for each subject.

Association of interleukin-1 polymorphisms with periodontitis in Down syndrome.

This study examined the association of IL1 genetic polymorphisms (IL-1A +4845, IL-1B +3954 & IL-1RN +2018) with periodontal disease status of Down syndrome (DS) individuals. Fifty-four DS patients (18-56 yr, 48.15% male, 77.

A clinical investigation of the association of a biochemical chairside assay and periodontal parameters.

Objective: This study examines the relationship between the values of a research-use only biochemical assay that detects sulfur/protein compounds in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and clinical measures of periodontal status.

Methods: Seventy-five subjects were enrolled; two were excluded. Mean age (SD) was 44.

Periodontal health in Down syndrome: contributions of mental disability, personal, and professional dental care.

Fifty-five dentate patients with Down syndrome (DS) and 74 with mental disability non-Down (MR) were compared to 88 control subjects. Subjects in the MR and Control groups were matched by gender and ethnicity to subjects with DS. All subjects were nonsmokers.

Periodontitis associated with Chediak-Higashi syndrome in a young African American male.

Background: Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease. The primary defect is abnormal granule formation in the cells secondary to a mutation of a lysosomal trafficking regulator protein. CHS patients have immune system abnormalities, bleeding abnormalities, and multiple infections including periodontitis.

Effect of implant design on initial stability of tapered implants.

Implant design is one of the parameters for achieving successful primary stability. This study aims to examine the effect of a self-tapping blades implant design on initial stability in tapered implants. Polyurethane blocks of different densities were used to simulate different bone densities.

Dental care and oral disease in alcohol-dependent persons.

Dental/Oral health of alcohol-dependent persons and substance abusers is often neglected. It is not clear that alcohol dependence has effects on oral health beyond those expected in nonalcoholic persons of similar socioeconomic status (SES). Study objectives were to examine the personal dental care habits, ability to access professional dental care, and the types of services received and to examine their effect on the oral health of alcohol-dependent persons and substance abusers.

Radiographic assessment of periodontitis in African-Americans with Down syndrome.

Objective: Down syndrome (DS) is a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder affecting millions of Americans. Previous studies, mainly in Caucasians, have shown periodontitis to be a major oral health problem among DS patients. Other research has shown that African-Americans (AA) are more susceptible to periodontitis than Caucasians.

Comparison of observer reliability in assessing alveolar bone height on direct digital and conventional radiographs.

Objectives: Radiographs are an important adjunct in the assessment of periodontal disease in clinical practice and research. The purpose of this study is to compare intraexaminer and interexaminer reproducibility in assessing alveolar bone height on direct digital and conventional radiographs.

Materials And Methods: Matched sets of conventional radiographs and digital radiographs were taken on 23 subjects.

Use of anti-inflammatory medications in managing atypical gingivitis associated with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a case report.

Background: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of collagen disorders primarily affecting the skin and joints. This case report describes the periodontal management of a case of hypermobile EDS (type III) associated with atypical gingivitis.

Methods: A 17-year-old Caucasian female with a history of EDS type III presented with erythematous mucogingival lesions.