Contraceptive initiation after delivery among women with and without opioid use disorders: A retrospective cohort study in a statewide Medicaid population, 2005-2016.

Background: This study examined contraceptive initiation patterns in the 12 months following childbirth among women with opioid use disorder (OUD), women with non-opioid substance use disorders (SUDs), and women without SUDs.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using claims data from South Carolina Medicaid-enrolled women aged 15-44 who had singleton live birth between January 2005 and December 2016. Study outcomes were initiation of most or moderately effective (MME) contraceptive methods.

"It's a very nuanced discussion with every woman": Health care providers' communication practices during contraceptive counseling for patients with substance use disorders.

Objective: To explore health care providers' communication practices during contraceptive counseling for women with substance use disorders (SUDs).

Study Design: In 2019, we conducted semi-structured phone interviews with a purposive sample of medical doctors and advanced practice nurses (n = 24). A two-member team analyzed these interviews for themes using deductive and inductive techniques and ATLAS.

Disparities in Access to Mental Health Services Among Patients Hospitalized for Deliberate Drug Overdose.

Objective: The authors examined patient and hospitalization characteristics associated with receiving a mental health assessment and disposition to an inpatient psychiatric facility among patients hospitalized for deliberate drug overdose.

Methods: This retrospective analysis of 2012-2013 South Carolina all-payer data included adults ages 18-64 with at least one inpatient admission for a primary diagnosis of deliberate illicit or pharmaceutical drug overdose (N=2,686). Outcomes were receipt of a mental health assessment and disposition to an inpatient psychiatric facility.

Assessing medical student cultural competence: what really matters.

Objectives: The study aimed to explore medical students' attitudes and beliefs toward Latino patients, specifically: to assess students' levels of knowledge, cultural competence, and comfort with Latinos; to determine students' exposure to and previous experience with Latinos; and to evaluate whether factors such as study abroad, living abroad, previous clinical experience with Latinos, and language proficiency predict Latino knowledge, cultural competence, and comfort with Latinos.

Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional survey design. Participants were third and fourth year medical students at three medical schools in the Southeastern United States.

Preparing for patient-centered care: assessing nursing student knowledge, comfort, and cultural competence toward the Latino population.

As the Latino population continues to grow throughout the United States, cultural competence training of nursing students at the baccalaureate level has become a priority. This study aimed to explore undergraduate nursing students' attitudes and beliefs toward Latino patients and their perceived readiness to provide care to Latino patients. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at four major nursing schools in the southeastern United States, which is the region that has seen the highest percentage of growth in the Latino population.

Prevalence of poor sleep quality and its relationship with body mass index among teenagers: evidence from Taiwan.

Background: The linkage between sleep quality and weight status among teenagers has gained more attention in the recent literature and health policy but no consensus has been reached.

Methods: Using both a propensity score method and multivariate linear regression for a cross-sectional sample of 2,113 teenagers, we analyzed their body mass index (BMI) in relation to sleep quality while controlling for family characteristics (household income, parent/guardian level of education, disability status, work night shift, and smoking) and individual factors (age, sex, regular exercise, smoking, employment, and feeling secure in the neighborhood). Sleep quality was assessed using 3 scales: difficulty in initiating sleep, difficulty in maintaining sleep, and non-restorative sleep, based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-defined insomnia.

Estimated number of preterm births and low birth weight children born in the United States due to maternal binge drinking.

The objective of this study was to estimate the aggregate burden of maternal binge drinking on preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) across American sociodemographic groups in 2008. To estimate the aggregate burden of maternal binge drinking on preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) across American sociodemographic groups in 2008. A simulation model was developed to estimate the number of PTB and LBW cases due to maternal binge drinking.

Cost effectiveness of tobacco control policies in Vietnam: the case of population-level interventions.

Background: Tobacco smoking is one of the leading public health problems in the world. It is also possible to prevent and/or reduce the harm from tobacco use through the use of cost-effective tobacco control measures. However, most of this evidence comes from developed countries and little research has been conducted on this issue in developing countries.

Alcohol environments and disparities in exposure associated with adolescent drinking in California.

Objectives: We investigated sociodemographic disparities in alcohol environments and their relationship with adolescent drinking.

Methods: We geocoded and mapped alcohol license data with ArcMap to construct circular buffers centered at 14 595 households with children that participated in the California Health Interview Survey. We calculated commercial sources of alcohol in each buffer.

Alcohol outlets and problem drinking among adults in California.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between alcohol environments and problem drinking, including excessive alcohol consumption, heavy episodic drinking, driving after drinking, and riding with a drinking driver.

Method: We merged geo-coded individual-level data from the California Health Interview Survey and Los Angeles County Health Survey with alcohol license data from the California Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control, distinguishing off-sale retails from on-sale establishments and, among on-sales, eating places from bars and taverns as well as minor-unrestricted establishments from minor-restricted establishments (i.e.

A systematic review of relations between neighborhoods and mental health.

Background: The relationship between neighborhood characteristics and resident mental health has been widely investigated in individual studies in recent years, but this literature is not adequately reviewed.

Aims Of The Study: To systematically review relevant individual research of the relation between neighborhoods and adult mental health by identifying and synthesizing all relevant studies in this literature.

Methods: We conducted an electronic search with PubMed and PsycINFO, and manual reference-checking, resulting in 8,562 screened studies of which 29 were selected.

Weight gain trends across sociodemographic groups in the United States.

Objectives: To better understand health disparities, we compared US weight gain trends across sociodemographic groups between 1986 and 2002.

Methods: We analyzed mean and 80th-percentile body mass index (BMI), calculated from self-reported weight and height, for subpopulations defined by education, relative income, race/ethnicity, and gender. Data were from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a random-digit-dialed telephone survey (total sample=1.