[Quality control in the treatment and diagnosis in clinics of the Leningrad region].

A systemic review of disease histories delivered from hospitals and outpatient clinics of the Leningrad region in Leningrad region pathoanatomical bureau to examine quality of diagnosis and treatment led to organization of the Expertise Centre of Medical Service Quality at the bureau. The Centre participates in licensing and accreditation of medical activity in the Leningrad region. For the patients this Centre is an instrument of legal control providing help in defencing their rights.

[Role of cytologic and histologic examination in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases in patients exposed to radiation].

Complex cytological and ultrasound study was conducted in 300 patients with thyroid pathology exposed to 5-250 cSv. Benign goiter changes and autoimmune thyroiditis were detected in 66.2% while malignant thyroidal nodules--in 3.

[Thyroid diseases in residents of St. Petersburg].

The degree of tensity of ecological and hygienic state of basic factors can be represented in terms of grades. In St. Petersburg three basic factors reach 5 grades in 7-grade scale.

[Hashimoto and de Quervain thyroiditis].

117 thyroids from patients with autoimmune and nonautoimmune thyroiditis were investigated. The conclusion about morphofunctional state of the thyroids from patients with autoimmune and nonautoimmune thyroiditis were made on the basis of macroscopical, histological, morphometrical and immunohistochemical findings.

[The 300-th anniversary of pathologic anatomy in Saint-Petersburg].

The paper is an overview that covers a long historical period that was marked by the first autopsies (under Peter the First), the development of large research schools, the teaching of students, the training of pathologists, the origin of experimental pathology, the appearance of outstanding discoverers (N.N. Anichkow, A.

Pine resin and Biopin ointment: effects on cell composition and histochemical changes in wounds.

We studied the effects of Biopin ointment containing pine resin and used for the therapy of burns, wounds, and purulent and inflammatory diseases on the cell composition of wounds and histochemical changes in the granulation tissue during the therapy of extensive third-degree burns. The preparation stimulated the nonspecific immune response, normalized hemodynamics in damaged regions, and stimulated cell proliferation in the squamous epithelium.

[Morphofunctional characteristics of the thyroid of fetuses and newborns according to autopsy data from St. Petersburg].

121 thyroids of fetuses after 25 weeks of gestation and newborns of mothers living in St-Petersburg were investigated. The conclusions on morpho-functional state of the thyroid at late terms of intrauterine development and newborns in St-Petersburg were made on the basis of macroscopical, histological, morphometrical and immunohistochemical findings.

[Morphological characteristics of the thyroid of adults from St-Petersburg (using a sample study data)].

138 thyroids from citizens of St-Petersburg born in this city who died suddenly were investigated macro-, microscopically and morphometrically. The average weight was 23.72 g, being maximal at the age of 20-29 years and minimal in persons over 70 years of age.

[Candidiasis of mucous membranes].

The author presents a new concept of complex relationship between the organism and Candida. According to this concept there is transformation of Candida carriage into invasive candidiasis of the mucous membranes. The idea is formulated on mixed-mycocenosis as association of fungal, bacterial, protozoic and viral biota.

[Algorithm of immunomorphological criteria of diagnosis of gastric mucosa dysplasias and early cancer in stomach biopsies].

Indices of systemic and local immunity of gastric mucosa were studied in patients with chronic gastritis (n = 27), epithelial dysplasia of gastric mucosa (n = 13), early gastric carcinoma (n = 9) and advanced gastric carcinoma (n = 6). Local immunity was estimated by calculation of lymphocytes and plasma cells expressing IgA and IgM in the epithelium of stomach mucosa. Systemic immunity was studied by radial diffusion according to Manchini's method.

[The reliability of endoscopic gastric biopsy in the diagnosis of the malignant degeneration of stomach ulcers].

A comparative analysis of results of the pre- and postoperative investigations carried out in 232 patients with gastric ulcerations of different nature has shown a relatively low effectiveness of fibrogastroscopy with biopsy in the recognition of malignant ulcers. The sensitivity of this method was found to be (83 +/- 3)%. The results obtained show the necessity to widen the operative treatment of patients with ulcer disease of the stomach, patients with the so called relative indications included.

[Endocrine and immune homeostasis in atherosclerosis].

The review analyzes endocrine and immune homeostasis, showing that with aging there is a higher sensitivity to humoral factors and a lower sensitivity to nerve stimuli, thus is why the role of self-regulation, in early atherosclerosis in particular. Endocrine and immune homeostasis is shown to characterize not only the pathological processes in the body, but also to determine the development of immune inflammation in the vascular wall.

[A cytomorphological basis for the correction of radiation-induced immunodeficiencies and hematopoietic depression using thymus and bone marrow peptides].

The correction of radiation-induced immunodeficiency and hematopoiesis depression in clinical setting (100 patients) and in experiments (160 animals) by peptide preparations of the thymus and bone marrow (thymalin, hemalin, thymogemine and synthetic thymalin analog thymogen) has been studied. Administration of the bone marrow and thymus recovery of damage to the thymus, bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes, improved the function of circulating neutrophilic granulocytes. Thymalin was able to compensate for immune disturbances and reduce manifestations of asthenia.